Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

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Young men also build knowledge around HIV prevention, the effects of AIDS, puberty, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and domestic violence through participatory workshops, monthly group discussions, and the process of researching and developing materials for their peers. They receive training and peer education sessions to build skills, including negotiation and communication skills, proper condom use, activity planning, reporting, lobbying and advocacy, and creating and realizing a joint vision. The young men develop dramas, songs, poems and traditional dances as outlets for creative expression. Finally, during soccer matches the players engage the crowd or the opposing team in discussions around rape, HIV prevention, drug abuse and violence against women. Target Audience • Youth ages 15–24 who play soccer in community clubs • Female partners of soccer players • Community networks involved in the project Level of Intervention • District • Municipal Geographic Location Seven communities in KwaZulu Natal: Zondi Store, Hopewell, Mafakathini, Mandeni, Escourt, Greytown and Mpolweni Timeframe 1998–ongoing Funders Joint Oxfam HIV/AIDS Program (JOHAP) – Oxfam Australia Partner Organizations Implementation partner: South African Football Association (SAFA) IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up and Implementation Process The first phase of the project was to establish a relationship with the executive committee of SAFA. Early engagement with SAFA helped provide access to community soccer teams and ensured the support of these key stakeholders. The soccer players are responsible for program implementation. The players hold monthly meetings, which serve as mentoring sessions as well as opportunities to monitor the implementation of each team’s program plans. The participants also discuss challenges and successes, gender issues, HIV prevention issues, and more. Group activities focus on education, condom distribution and events. Local Involvement/ Ownership Young men’s ownership of the project has been established. Young men decide what activities to conduct in the community, what topics they will address and how they will implement these. This may help sustain changes in attitudes over time. Also, TAI holds annual feedback sessions during which teams provide input into proposal writing. 134
Evaluation Methodology • Gender analysis: In 2005, an external evaluator conducted a gender analysis of TAI programming for the Joint Oxfam HIV/AIDS Program (JOHAP). • Project completion report: In 2001, Oxfam Community Aid Abroad (now Oxfam Australia) compiled a completion report for the Australian Agency for International Development, funder of the project from 1998 to 2001, that reviews program objectives, outcomes and performance, as well as successes, difficulties and lessons learned. The report also discusses findings from data collection efforts during this time period, including questionnaires and focus group discussions, as well as analysis of data. • Qualitative data collection: Qualitative data are collected mostly through structured focus group discussions at various points throughout the project year. Issues covered include rape, HIV (e.g., one discussion was on the topic “Are Women to be Blamed for the Spread of HIV/AIDS?”), love, communication, male norms, and drug and alcohol use. Anecdotal evidence and self-reported stories also are collected as indicators of change in perceptions of masculinity. • Annual survey: The Shosholoza project plans to develop a yearly internal evaluation, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, similar to that used by the Action by Young Men project. Importantly, Action by Young Men shares evaluation results with the participants so they can see how they have progressed throughout the year. Young men analyze the data using a participatory process so they can decide where they want to focus in the following year. Findings from 105 young men in seven participating teams will be compared with findings from a control group of 45 young men from three nonparticipating teams. The same teams, and preferably the same individuals, will be followed over the three years to determine change over time. Indicators include those relating to gender, HIV knowledge, HIV prevention practices, and sexual and reproductive health. Evaluation Results • Gender analysis: Although findings were on overall TAI activities and focused more specifically on other programs, one finding on “sport as a site of gender construction” reviewed the Shosholoza project’s use of soccer clubs to change male norms: “The use of league soccer structures provided by SAFA was an appropriate and efficient way for TAI to initiate their Shosholoza project. Although less to do with identifying soccer as a powerful site for the construction and maintenance of masculinity than the practicality of ‘piggy-backing’ existing structures, TAI staff were also aware that both the SAFA structure and those it served were predominantly male. Their desire to challenge and change male behavior made this an appropriate, and smart choice” (Lindegger, 2005). 135
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| AIDS AIDSTAR-One Support and Tech
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INTEGRATING MULTIPLE GENDER STRATEG
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CONTENTS Acronyms..................
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Mama’s Club Memory Book .........
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ACRONYMS AED AEMCI AIDS AMREF AOSCI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The public health
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INTRODUCTION The public health and
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• Identify current, promising pro
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• Snowball sampling of gender and
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LIMITATIONS This compendium is limi
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program, and small-scale programs s
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Child Security Project in South Afr
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elated efforts. The Mozambique SSTO
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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Programs should
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PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS TARGETING AND
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transmission and explain how the pr
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Tel: + 267 319 1816 / Fax: + 267 31
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Sessions center around small group
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Supervision occurs on two levels: s
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issues. • Involve uniformed perso
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a new bridge to the health care sys
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and among working girls, 77 percent
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ETHIOPIAN RADIO SERIAL DRAMAS TO PR
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• Ministry of Health Evaluation p
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64 percent at baseline. • Ethiopi
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• Conduct a post-intervention sur
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promotes HIV prevention through pee
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Evaluation Methodology • Monitori
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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and produces materials in media tha
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During implementation, participants
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• Communities claim ownership of
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part of this strategy, Maanisha has
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the cultural practices and sexual b
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Langata Road, P.O Box 27691 - 00506
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developing memory books, scrapbooks
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• Quantitative data collection: D
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POST RAPE CARE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS:
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Funders • Trócaire • The U.S.
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Recommendations for Replication •
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seminars with invited guest speaker
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Local Involvement/ Ownership Commun
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treatment of sexually transmitted i
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• National Survey on the Reproduc
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woman’s ability to negotiate and
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skills, human rights, and monitorin
Page 98 and 99: empowers them to make healthier cho
Page 100 and 101: Service on replication. TIOS is als
Page 102 and 103: WOMEN FIRST (MULHERES PRIMERO) LEAD
Page 104 and 105: Funders • Canadian International
Page 106 and 107: $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25
Page 108 and 109: MALE NORMS INITIATIVE LEAD ORGANIZA
Page 110 and 111: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 112 and 113: assistance is no longer necessary i
Page 114 and 115: collaboration with relevant governm
Page 116 and 117: involvement in protecting the right
Page 118 and 119: assertiveness, puberty and gender-b
Page 120 and 121: traditional practices, and knowledg
Page 122 and 123: POLYCLINIC OF HOPE CARE AND TREATME
Page 124 and 125: Partner Organizations Implementatio
Page 126 and 127: international workshop was convened
Page 128 and 129: THE FATHERHOOD AND CHILD SECURITY P
Page 130 and 131: • Community leaders including tra
Page 132 and 133: After the session, 100 percent beli
Page 134 and 135: KwaZulu-Natal and OR Tambo, Eastern
Page 136 and 137: Gender and HIV component (Sisters-f
Page 138 and 139: Evaluation Results • Cluster rand
Page 140 and 141: Rural South Africa: A Cluster Rando
Page 142 and 143: accompanied by djembe drumming. Onc
Page 144 and 145: staff intended for partner organiza
Page 146 and 147: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 150 and 151: • Project completion report: The
Page 154 and 155: character, Matlakala, is in an abus
Page 156 and 157: • The Presidency • Society For
Page 158 and 159: society stakeholders. • While eve
Page 160 and 161: 4. Contraception, conception and me
Page 162 and 163: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 164 and 165: Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
Page 166 and 167: WOMEN’S HEALTH COOP, PRETORIA LEA
Page 168 and 169: female condoms to distribute in com
Page 172 and 173: to contraceptives (particularly con
Page 174 and 175: • Periodic household surveys: A b
Page 176 and 177: Resources Promises an Exciting Year
Page 178 and 179: stressed families in their home env
Page 180 and 181: generating activities and home visi
Page 182 and 183: LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key
Page 184 and 185: HIV & AIDS COUNSELING AND SERVICES
Page 186 and 187: Timeframe 1987-ongoing; the current
Page 188 and 189: multisectoral approach and that res
Page 190 and 191: Peer educators also aim to increase
Page 192 and 193: Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
Page 194 and 195: In collaboration with legal organiz
Page 196 and 197: Replication and Scale-up Activities
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THE SASA! ACTIVIST KIT FOR PREVENTI
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Timeframe 2008-ongoing Funders •
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• Engaging a cross-section of act
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CORRIDORS OF HOPE II LEAD ORGANIZAT
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Geographic Location Seven towns: Ka
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of HIV counseling and testing and t
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APPENDIX 1: ONLINE SEARCH PROCESS T
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APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT BACKG
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1.10 Does the project address incre
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Section 5: LESSONS LEARNED AND FEAS
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Country Program Name Lead Organizat
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Gender Strategy Addressed Type of H
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AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 No
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