Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

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4. Contraception, conception and menstruation 5. Taking risks, sexual problems, and unwanted pregnancy 6. STDs and HIV 7. Safer sex and condoms 8. Gender-based violence 9. Motivations for sexual behavior 10. Communication skills (two sessions) 11. Dealing with grief and loss 12. Preparing for the future 13. Final community meeting Specific issues that are discussed for each topic vary by training group, depending on what youth participants raise as their interests and concerns. After the third, eighth, and ninth sessions, young men and women come together in three peer group meetings to share the dialogue they engaged in separately, and compare and understand the issues from the perspective of the other sex. For example, in the first peer group meeting, as young women share their constraints and concerns with young men and vice versa, participants are able to self-reflect and develop a better understanding of what it means to be a man or a woman and how to be a better partner or member of one’s family. The program ends with a communitywide meeting, where participants share lessons learned across the sessions and communicate any concerns or requests that emerged from these lessons that they can work on with the community. Participants are referred to local clinics for further care and support during and after the end of the implementation. In developing the South Africa adaptation of Stepping Stones, editors found gender-based violence to be an issue fundamentally interconnected with HIV prevention and sexual health. As the training package in Uganda did not specifically address violence, the South Africa program added a gender-based violence session to the training package. This session uses open dialogue and role play as techniques to encourage communication and understanding of violence. Issues covered include identifying and responding to different types of violence, identifying formal and informal sources of help, and legal protections against violence. It also explores questions such as “Why do men rape?” and “Why do men and women mistreat each other?” Other sessions also touch upon violence, including discussions on social expectations of and pressure on young men and women, happy and unhappy sexual relationships, and sex and love. The session on violence also seeks to increase young men’s and women’s knowledge of legal protections by reviewing South Africa’s Domestic Violence Act. This discussion seeks to raise awareness about legal rights and protection for violence against women, as well as violence against children and men. Throughout the training package, participants reflect upon and discuss male norms and behaviors that are harmful or beneficial for young men, young women, their families, and their communities. For example, in the session on societal expectations, young men discuss how society values them and the pressure they face to engage in “masculine” activities, even when risky, such as sex with multiple partners. Young men identify these issues themselves, thus shaping the discussion based on their own concerns and experiences. Once the men have identified their concerns, the facilitator guides the discussion around how realistic these expectations are and the challenges of living up to these expectations. The men then discuss among themselves their options to change risky behavior or 146
einforce positive behavior. This discussion becomes emphasized in a later session exploring why people behave the way they do, in which participants use a spider diagram to look at causes and consequences of risky behavior, role play a scenario of people taking risks, and explore how the characters in the role play could behave differently. Across sessions, participants also discuss gender equity in a range of contexts. The discussions around societal expectations, for example, help young men and women stand in the shoes of the other gender. The session on gender-based violence raises awareness among the men about how violence affects women in general and their partners specifically, and also helps change perceptions among young women about how they should be valued and treated. A discussion of happy and unhappy sexual relationships also looks at gender equity, including power dynamics and inequity in sexual relationships. Target Audience Youth, ages 15–24 Level of Intervention District Geographic Location Eastern Cape Province, Gauteng Province, North West Province, Western Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Limpopo Province Timeframe 1998–ongoing Funders • The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation • World Health Organization (WHO) • Medical Research Council of South Africa • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) Partner Organizations Implementation partners: • Planned Parenthood Association of South Africa Evaluation partners: • Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa • Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University • Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa • International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) • Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa • School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa • Virology, National Institute for Communicable Disease, Sandringham, South Africa 147
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| AIDS AIDSTAR-One Support and Tech
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INTEGRATING MULTIPLE GENDER STRATEG
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CONTENTS Acronyms..................
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Mama’s Club Memory Book .........
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ACRONYMS AED AEMCI AIDS AMREF AOSCI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The public health
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INTRODUCTION The public health and
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• Identify current, promising pro
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• Snowball sampling of gender and
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LIMITATIONS This compendium is limi
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program, and small-scale programs s
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Child Security Project in South Afr
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elated efforts. The Mozambique SSTO
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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Programs should
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PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS TARGETING AND
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transmission and explain how the pr
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Tel: + 267 319 1816 / Fax: + 267 31
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Sessions center around small group
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Supervision occurs on two levels: s
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issues. • Involve uniformed perso
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a new bridge to the health care sys
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and among working girls, 77 percent
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ETHIOPIAN RADIO SERIAL DRAMAS TO PR
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• Ministry of Health Evaluation p
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64 percent at baseline. • Ethiopi
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• Conduct a post-intervention sur
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promotes HIV prevention through pee
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Evaluation Methodology • Monitori
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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and produces materials in media tha
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During implementation, participants
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• Communities claim ownership of
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part of this strategy, Maanisha has
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the cultural practices and sexual b
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Langata Road, P.O Box 27691 - 00506
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developing memory books, scrapbooks
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• Quantitative data collection: D
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POST RAPE CARE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS:
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Funders • Trócaire • The U.S.
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Recommendations for Replication •
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seminars with invited guest speaker
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Local Involvement/ Ownership Commun
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treatment of sexually transmitted i
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• National Survey on the Reproduc
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woman’s ability to negotiate and
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skills, human rights, and monitorin
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empowers them to make healthier cho
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Service on replication. TIOS is als
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WOMEN FIRST (MULHERES PRIMERO) LEAD
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Funders • Canadian International
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$45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25
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MALE NORMS INITIATIVE LEAD ORGANIZA
Page 110 and 111: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 112 and 113: assistance is no longer necessary i
Page 114 and 115: collaboration with relevant governm
Page 116 and 117: involvement in protecting the right
Page 118 and 119: assertiveness, puberty and gender-b
Page 120 and 121: traditional practices, and knowledg
Page 122 and 123: POLYCLINIC OF HOPE CARE AND TREATME
Page 124 and 125: Partner Organizations Implementatio
Page 126 and 127: international workshop was convened
Page 128 and 129: THE FATHERHOOD AND CHILD SECURITY P
Page 130 and 131: • Community leaders including tra
Page 132 and 133: After the session, 100 percent beli
Page 134 and 135: KwaZulu-Natal and OR Tambo, Eastern
Page 136 and 137: Gender and HIV component (Sisters-f
Page 138 and 139: Evaluation Results • Cluster rand
Page 140 and 141: Rural South Africa: A Cluster Rando
Page 142 and 143: accompanied by djembe drumming. Onc
Page 144 and 145: staff intended for partner organiza
Page 146 and 147: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 148 and 149: Young men also build knowledge arou
Page 150 and 151: • Project completion report: The
Page 154 and 155: character, Matlakala, is in an abus
Page 156 and 157: • The Presidency • Society For
Page 158 and 159: society stakeholders. • While eve
Page 162 and 163: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 164 and 165: Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
Page 166 and 167: WOMEN’S HEALTH COOP, PRETORIA LEA
Page 168 and 169: female condoms to distribute in com
Page 172 and 173: to contraceptives (particularly con
Page 174 and 175: • Periodic household surveys: A b
Page 176 and 177: Resources Promises an Exciting Year
Page 178 and 179: stressed families in their home env
Page 180 and 181: generating activities and home visi
Page 182 and 183: LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key
Page 184 and 185: HIV & AIDS COUNSELING AND SERVICES
Page 186 and 187: Timeframe 1987-ongoing; the current
Page 188 and 189: multisectoral approach and that res
Page 190 and 191: Peer educators also aim to increase
Page 192 and 193: Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
Page 194 and 195: In collaboration with legal organiz
Page 196 and 197: Replication and Scale-up Activities
Page 198 and 199: THE SASA! ACTIVIST KIT FOR PREVENTI
Page 200 and 201: Timeframe 2008-ongoing Funders •
Page 202 and 203: • Engaging a cross-section of act
Page 204 and 205: CORRIDORS OF HOPE II LEAD ORGANIZAT
Page 206 and 207: Geographic Location Seven towns: Ka
Page 208 and 209: of HIV counseling and testing and t
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APPENDIX 1: ONLINE SEARCH PROCESS T
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APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT BACKG
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1.10 Does the project address incre
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Section 5: LESSONS LEARNED AND FEAS
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Country Program Name Lead Organizat
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Gender Strategy Addressed Type of H
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AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 No
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