Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Programs should combine gender strategies to address the specific gender constraints of target audiences. Programs that seek to initiate gender-based programming for the first time or to expand their current gender programming should be encouraged to include gender strategies in combination. These strategies are mutually reinforcing, and the costs of adding new gender components may be relatively low. However, funders and program implementers should determine which strategies to combine, and how best to combine them, based on the specific gender constraints experienced by target audiences. Context-specific consequences of combining programming—both positive and negative— also must be considered and addressed. For example, program implementers have described increased spousal violence experienced by women who participated in income generation activities. Formative research to understand these constraints and possible consequences, including local norms and attitudes, should be part of program concepts from the beginning and should inform program design. When locally relevant and appropriate, combining gender strategies to address interlinked constraints can increase the ability of individuals to engage in and benefit from HIV programming. 2. Funders and program designers should provide implementers adequate flexibility to adapt programming based on new findings about gender. Important connections between gender constraints are sometimes identified during program implementation. Many programs featured in the compendium addressed additional gender constraints only after beginning implementation, when realizing multiple gender issues were interlinked and needed to be addressed together in order to ensure the success of their initial objectives. These programs adapted their efforts to include new gender components for more effective programming. Thus, funders should allow for the flexibility necessary to make mid-stream modifications. Ultimately, programs tailored to context- and audience-specific gender constraints are likely to be more effective and efficient, and achieve greater community buy-in because gender components complement and reinforce each other. 3. Increasing the involvement of men—especially young men—in gender-based programming should remain a high priority. Programs must recognize the role men play in women’s experiences and constraints, as well as men’s own gender-related constraints, and integrate activities to address male norms and behaviors into HIV and gender programming. The compendium includes numerous examples of innovative programming to increase the involvement of men in HIV programming. These “asset-based” approaches to men’s involvement (i.e., treating men as part of the solution versus part of the problem) should be considered when integrating gender in HIV programming. Furthermore, while the inclusion of all men is important, some programs have seized the opportunity to effect change among a new generation of young men who are establishing what will be lifelong patterns of behavior with women. Interventions at early stages in their life may have profound impacts on the future course of the HIV epidemic and offer an important contribution to HIV programming. 4. Addressing gender-based violence should be considered a key component in HIV programming. A number of programs featured in the compendium found that violence contributed to women’s and girls’ vulnerability to HIV and also was as a barrier to accessing care, support, and treatment. These programs found that integrating violence prevention activities and support to survivors of violence into HIV programming contributed to overcoming these barriers. In addition, programs found that addressing women’s legal protection, male norms and behaviors, and economic empowerment activities alone could have negative consequences for women and girls if they did not integrate violence 16
prevention. For example, programs report that women’s participation in income generation could lead to increased violence. Programs used a variety of innovative approaches that reached out not just to women and girls, but also engaged other actors, including men and boys, religious leaders, health providers, police and other decision-makers. HIV programs should integrate violence reduction with other gender strategies, adapting interventions according to type of program and engaging all sectors of society. 5. Programs should incorporate a strong evaluation component into all programs. The lack of evaluation information was notable among most programs. Resources—both human and financial—are rarely available for formative research to understand and respond to local gender concerns, as well as for systematic evaluations that address key gender indicators. Not to learn from and to improve programming as a result of strong evaluations is an opportunity lost for the donor, the implementers and, especially, program beneficiaries. It is, therefore, recommended that both donors and programmers advocate for programs to include plans and resources to evaluate key outcomes, including gender-related indicators. 6. Community buy-in, involvement, and leadership in program design and implementation should be part of efforts to change gender norms. Changing sensitive gender norms requires community involvement, feedback and buy-in to be relevant, accepted and sustainable. Community support also helps ensure that target beneficiaries are able to fully participate in and benefit from program activities. Thus, funders should identify optimal processes for community involvement and incorporate participatory approaches when developing programs that seek to address gender-related issues. 17
Page 1 and 2: | AIDS AIDSTAR-One Support and Tech
Page 3 and 4: INTEGRATING MULTIPLE GENDER STRATEG
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Acronyms..................
Page 7 and 8: Mama’s Club Memory Book .........
Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS AED AEMCI AIDS AMREF AOSCI
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The public health
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION The public health and
Page 17 and 18: • Identify current, promising pro
Page 19 and 20: • Snowball sampling of gender and
Page 21: LIMITATIONS This compendium is limi
Page 24 and 25: program, and small-scale programs s
Page 26 and 27: Child Security Project in South Afr
Page 28 and 29: elated efforts. The Mozambique SSTO
Page 32 and 33: PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS TARGETING AND
Page 34 and 35: transmission and explain how the pr
Page 36 and 37: Tel: + 267 319 1816 / Fax: + 267 31
Page 38 and 39: Sessions center around small group
Page 40 and 41: Supervision occurs on two levels: s
Page 42 and 43: issues. • Involve uniformed perso
Page 44 and 45: a new bridge to the health care sys
Page 46 and 47: and among working girls, 77 percent
Page 48 and 49: ETHIOPIAN RADIO SERIAL DRAMAS TO PR
Page 50 and 51: • Ministry of Health Evaluation p
Page 52 and 53: 64 percent at baseline. • Ethiopi
Page 54 and 55: • Conduct a post-intervention sur
Page 56 and 57: promotes HIV prevention through pee
Page 58 and 59: Evaluation Methodology • Monitori
Page 60 and 61: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 62 and 63: and produces materials in media tha
Page 64 and 65: During implementation, participants
Page 66 and 67: • Communities claim ownership of
Page 68 and 69: part of this strategy, Maanisha has
Page 70 and 71: the cultural practices and sexual b
Page 72 and 73: Langata Road, P.O Box 27691 - 00506
Page 74 and 75: developing memory books, scrapbooks
Page 76 and 77: • Quantitative data collection: D
Page 78 and 79: POST RAPE CARE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS:
Page 80 and 81:
Funders • Trócaire • The U.S.
Page 82 and 83:
Recommendations for Replication •
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seminars with invited guest speaker
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Local Involvement/ Ownership Commun
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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treatment of sexually transmitted i
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• National Survey on the Reproduc
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woman’s ability to negotiate and
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skills, human rights, and monitorin
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empowers them to make healthier cho
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Service on replication. TIOS is als
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WOMEN FIRST (MULHERES PRIMERO) LEAD
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Funders • Canadian International
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$45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25
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MALE NORMS INITIATIVE LEAD ORGANIZA
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IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
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assistance is no longer necessary i
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collaboration with relevant governm
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involvement in protecting the right
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assertiveness, puberty and gender-b
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traditional practices, and knowledg
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POLYCLINIC OF HOPE CARE AND TREATME
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Partner Organizations Implementatio
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international workshop was convened
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THE FATHERHOOD AND CHILD SECURITY P
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• Community leaders including tra
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After the session, 100 percent beli
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KwaZulu-Natal and OR Tambo, Eastern
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Gender and HIV component (Sisters-f
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Evaluation Results • Cluster rand
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Rural South Africa: A Cluster Rando
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accompanied by djembe drumming. Onc
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staff intended for partner organiza
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Young men also build knowledge arou
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• Project completion report: The
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character, Matlakala, is in an abus
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• The Presidency • Society For
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society stakeholders. • While eve
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4. Contraception, conception and me
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IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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WOMEN’S HEALTH COOP, PRETORIA LEA
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female condoms to distribute in com
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to contraceptives (particularly con
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• Periodic household surveys: A b
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Resources Promises an Exciting Year
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stressed families in their home env
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generating activities and home visi
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LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key
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HIV & AIDS COUNSELING AND SERVICES
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Timeframe 1987-ongoing; the current
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multisectoral approach and that res
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Peer educators also aim to increase
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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In collaboration with legal organiz
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Replication and Scale-up Activities
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THE SASA! ACTIVIST KIT FOR PREVENTI
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Timeframe 2008-ongoing Funders •
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• Engaging a cross-section of act
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CORRIDORS OF HOPE II LEAD ORGANIZAT
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Geographic Location Seven towns: Ka
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of HIV counseling and testing and t
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Page 212 and 213:
APPENDIX 1: ONLINE SEARCH PROCESS T
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APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT BACKG
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1.10 Does the project address incre
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Section 5: LESSONS LEARNED AND FEAS
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Country Program Name Lead Organizat
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Gender Strategy Addressed Type of H
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AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 No
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