Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

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the cultural practices and sexual behavior that increase risk of HIV infection. Evaluators also assessed the institutional capacity of key government implementing agencies. In addition, evaluators used qualitative techniques, including focus group and key informant interviews, to collect information on factors that increase people’s vulnerability to HIV. • Midterm evaluation, 2007: Sida conducted an external evaluation in 2007 to determine and document the program’s overall progress, outcomes and impacts arising from implementation of communitybased capacity building and grants making. The midterm evaluation included process measures and a client satisfaction survey. Results from the baseline survey served as a reference database by which to track indicators and measure impact. Evaluation Results • Formative assessment, 2004: This assessment helped in developing indicators for Maanisha’s national monitoring and evaluation framework indicators. These indicators also were shared with key government structures, including the NACC Field Officer, Ministry of Health, and District Technical Committees. • Baseline assessment, 2005: This baseline survey indicated that awareness of HIV transmission and prevention is high; however, this knowledge is not translating into behavior and practice. In addition, most sexually active people are not seeking HIV testing. Women were shown to be more willing than men to disclose their sero-status after testing positive; however, men occasionally respond with violence. Evidence also indicated that certain social norms and cultural beliefs and practices were related to the spread and impact of HIV, including plural marriages, widow cleansing practices, and ritual sex. Above all, the baseline assessment confirmed that CSOs are interested in playing a meaningful role in responding to HIV and AIDS, but lack the capacity to do so. • Midterm evaluation: Process data show that monthly monitoring visits to CSOs are feasible and significantly help them to report progress each month. The evaluation also shows that CSOs need more help with monitoring and evaluation. Maanisha intends to simplify and tailor standard monitoring and evaluation techniques to help each CSO improve planning and local decision-making processes. There is also a need to mentor the CSOs using a training-of-trainers approach. The client satisfaction survey data have not yet been fully evaluated. However, select initial findings indicate that funded CSOs are mainstreaming social and cultural factors that fuel the spread of HIV into their programming. The proportion of widows undergoing cleansing (a practice in which a widow must have sex with her husband’s brother or other relative, or with a village cleanser) has declined from 50 percent to 40 percent, and the proportion of couples seeking HIV testing before marriage has increased from 9 percent to 13.8 percent. Further, 100 percent of participating CSOs now have elected leadership with at least one female as an official, compared to 20 percent at baseline, and compliance with approved financial procedures has risen from 22 percent to 91 percent. Replication and Scale-up Activities The project started in the Lake Victoria Basin Region and in 2008 was scaled up to Eastern Kenya and parts of the Rift Valley Province. 56
LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key Findings and Lessons • Capacity building and grants provision are mutually reinforcing. • Comprehensive HIV and AIDS interventions work better than single interventions. • Responding to HIV and AIDS cross-cutting issues such as gender, human rights and culture appeals to project beneficiaries. • Capacity building targeting top-level CSO and PSO leadership is a crucial strategy in promoting gender-sensitive initiatives in an HIV and AIDS response. • Gender mainstreaming should be an integral part of a project design rather than being treated as separate issue. • Gender mainstreaming is a process and should be accompanied with concerted advocacy. • While building gender-specific knowledge and skills is necessary, organizational institutional development and systems strengthening is also vital to the success of gender mainstreaming in HIV and AIDS programming. Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes Overwhelming numbers of CSOs and PSOs require support against limited resources. Recommendations for Replication • Program resources for gender mainstreaming in HIV and AIDS activities should be the same as for other strategies. • Gender mainstreaming approaches need to be reviewed from time to time to ensure that all key vulnerable populations are included in the gender mainstreaming efforts. • Gender mainstreaming should be part of the project design from inception and should be accompanied by gender-sensitive indicators. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program References and Resources Kireria, A., G. Muriithi, G., and K. Mbugua. “Maanisha Community Focused Initiatives to Control HIV/AIDS in Lake Victoria Region, Kenya: Sida Evaluation 07-33.” Stockholm: Swedish International Development Agency. August 2007. http://www.sida.se/shared/jsp/download.jsp?f=Utv07- 33_SIDA40263en_web.pdf&a=35263 (accessed August 12, 2008). For program guidelines and tools, e-mail Meshack.ndirangu@amref.org Contact Information American Medical and Research Foundation 57
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| AIDS AIDSTAR-One Support and Tech
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INTEGRATING MULTIPLE GENDER STRATEG
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CONTENTS Acronyms..................
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Mama’s Club Memory Book .........
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ACRONYMS AED AEMCI AIDS AMREF AOSCI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The public health
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INTRODUCTION The public health and
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• Identify current, promising pro
Page 19 and 20: • Snowball sampling of gender and
Page 21: LIMITATIONS This compendium is limi
Page 24 and 25: program, and small-scale programs s
Page 26 and 27: Child Security Project in South Afr
Page 28 and 29: elated efforts. The Mozambique SSTO
Page 30 and 31: RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Programs should
Page 32 and 33: PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS TARGETING AND
Page 34 and 35: transmission and explain how the pr
Page 36 and 37: Tel: + 267 319 1816 / Fax: + 267 31
Page 38 and 39: Sessions center around small group
Page 40 and 41: Supervision occurs on two levels: s
Page 42 and 43: issues. • Involve uniformed perso
Page 44 and 45: a new bridge to the health care sys
Page 46 and 47: and among working girls, 77 percent
Page 48 and 49: ETHIOPIAN RADIO SERIAL DRAMAS TO PR
Page 50 and 51: • Ministry of Health Evaluation p
Page 52 and 53: 64 percent at baseline. • Ethiopi
Page 54 and 55: • Conduct a post-intervention sur
Page 56 and 57: promotes HIV prevention through pee
Page 58 and 59: Evaluation Methodology • Monitori
Page 60 and 61: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 62 and 63: and produces materials in media tha
Page 64 and 65: During implementation, participants
Page 66 and 67: • Communities claim ownership of
Page 68 and 69: part of this strategy, Maanisha has
Page 72 and 73: Langata Road, P.O Box 27691 - 00506
Page 74 and 75: developing memory books, scrapbooks
Page 76 and 77: • Quantitative data collection: D
Page 78 and 79: POST RAPE CARE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS:
Page 80 and 81: Funders • Trócaire • The U.S.
Page 82 and 83: Recommendations for Replication •
Page 84 and 85: seminars with invited guest speaker
Page 86 and 87: Local Involvement/ Ownership Commun
Page 88 and 89: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 90 and 91: treatment of sexually transmitted i
Page 92 and 93: • National Survey on the Reproduc
Page 94 and 95: woman’s ability to negotiate and
Page 96 and 97: skills, human rights, and monitorin
Page 98 and 99: empowers them to make healthier cho
Page 100 and 101: Service on replication. TIOS is als
Page 102 and 103: WOMEN FIRST (MULHERES PRIMERO) LEAD
Page 104 and 105: Funders • Canadian International
Page 106 and 107: $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25
Page 108 and 109: MALE NORMS INITIATIVE LEAD ORGANIZA
Page 110 and 111: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 112 and 113: assistance is no longer necessary i
Page 114 and 115: collaboration with relevant governm
Page 116 and 117: involvement in protecting the right
Page 118 and 119: assertiveness, puberty and gender-b
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traditional practices, and knowledg
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POLYCLINIC OF HOPE CARE AND TREATME
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Partner Organizations Implementatio
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international workshop was convened
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THE FATHERHOOD AND CHILD SECURITY P
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• Community leaders including tra
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After the session, 100 percent beli
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KwaZulu-Natal and OR Tambo, Eastern
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Gender and HIV component (Sisters-f
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Evaluation Results • Cluster rand
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Rural South Africa: A Cluster Rando
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accompanied by djembe drumming. Onc
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staff intended for partner organiza
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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Young men also build knowledge arou
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• Project completion report: The
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character, Matlakala, is in an abus
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• The Presidency • Society For
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society stakeholders. • While eve
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4. Contraception, conception and me
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IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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WOMEN’S HEALTH COOP, PRETORIA LEA
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female condoms to distribute in com
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to contraceptives (particularly con
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• Periodic household surveys: A b
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Resources Promises an Exciting Year
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stressed families in their home env
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generating activities and home visi
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LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key
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HIV & AIDS COUNSELING AND SERVICES
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Timeframe 1987-ongoing; the current
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multisectoral approach and that res
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Peer educators also aim to increase
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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In collaboration with legal organiz
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Replication and Scale-up Activities
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THE SASA! ACTIVIST KIT FOR PREVENTI
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Timeframe 2008-ongoing Funders •
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• Engaging a cross-section of act
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CORRIDORS OF HOPE II LEAD ORGANIZAT
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Geographic Location Seven towns: Ka
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of HIV counseling and testing and t
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APPENDIX 1: ONLINE SEARCH PROCESS T
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APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT BACKG
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1.10 Does the project address incre
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Section 5: LESSONS LEARNED AND FEAS
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Country Program Name Lead Organizat
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Gender Strategy Addressed Type of H
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AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 No
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