2011 (SBTE) 25th Annual Meeting Proceedings - International ...

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L.F. Nasser asser, L. Pen enteado eado, C.R. Rezende ende, M.F. Sá Filho & P.S. Bar aruselli. <strong>2011</strong>. Fixed time Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Programs in Brazil. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 39(Suppl 1): s15 - s22. I. INTRODUCTION II. THE EVOLUTION OF FTAI PROTOCOLS IN BRAZIL III. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY OF FTAI PROGRAMS IV. THE EVOLUTION OF FTET PROTOCOLS IN BRAZIL V. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE FTET PROGRAMS VI. CONCLUSIONS I. INTRODUCTION The animal protein production system is under constant pressure by the great demand for these products in a growing world market. Particularly in the case of beef, the decrease of available areas implies the need for greater production efficiency and therefore the use of reproductive biotechnology is the tool to achieve these goals. Nowadays, Brazil is the world leader on bovine meat market, in addition the country find itself in a prominent place in scientific development and commercial application of biotechnology, such as fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) and in vitro embryo production (IVP). Once these techniques are inserted into the herd reproductive management, it resulted on an increased of reproductive efficiency and a genetic improvement on its livestock, projecting the country as one of the largest beef producer and meat supplier for the coming years. The dimensions and the national productive system feature require the development of programs for FTAI and FTET that can be practical and easy to apply on a large scale basis decreasing the amount of hormonal treatments and cattle handling required for such protocols. The objective of this article will be discuss the main factors that can affect the FTAI and FTET programs, as well as the scientific lines of research commercially applied in Brazil. II. THE EVOLUTION OF THE FTAI PROTOCOLS IN BRAZIL In Brazil, there are several hormones commercially available that can be used for manipulation of follicular wave dynamics and induction of ovulation enabling large-scale employment of FTAI programs. The protocols are well established and without doubt one of the most commonly used is with the insertion of a device containing progesterone (P4) associated with an injection of 2 mg of Estradiol Benzoate (EB) at the beginning of the synchronization protocol (D 0) to induce a new wave of follicular growth. Eight days later (D 8) along with the withdrawal of the device, an injection of prostaglandin (PGF) (to ensure luteolysis) and 400 IU of the hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is performed along with 0.5 mg of Estradiol Cipionate for an induction of ovulation [1,4]. The benefits of the application of eCG at P4 device removal made it possible to obtain an average pregnancy rate around 50% [2,8] that drove the implementation of this biotechnology throughout the national herds. III. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY OF FTAI PROGRAMS In spite of satisfactory follicular manipulation and precisely synchronization of the time of ovulation there are several factors that can affect the efficiency of FTAI programs. In a retrospective field study performed with information originated from Firmasa and Geraembryo, companies specialized in applied biotechnology; an average of 32.000 FTAI was analyzed in order to identify the factors affecting its efficiency when applied on a large scale. The FTAI pregnancy rate was influenced by the farm (P < 0.01; Figure 1) as well as by the body condition scores that the cows presented at the beginning of the synchronization protocol (P < 0.01; Figure 2). Other important factors that alter the programs results were the bull used (Figure 3) and personal performance during artificial insemination (Figures 4 and 5). An interesting point was that only 50% of the bulls achieved results above 50% of pregnancy rate. These results corroborate with those observed by other authors [8]. The knowledge of the factors that affect commercial FTAI programs in Brazil has fundamental importance for increasing reproductive and productive efficiency of the national herd. Currently, the FTAI was inserted into the routine management of commercial properties serving as example for other countries that rely on productive systems similar to those used in Brazil. IV. EVOLUTION OF FTET PROTOCOLS IN BRAZIL In general, treatments used for FTET are very similar to those applied for FTAI. In the FTET protocols, the main objective is to increase follicular s16
L.F. Nasser asser, L. Pen enteado eado, C.R. Rezende ende, M.F. Sá Filho & P.S. Bar aruselli. <strong>2011</strong>. Fixed time Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Programs in Brazil. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 39(Suppl 1): s15 - s22. Figure 1. Effect of farm on the pregnancy per fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI; n=32.213 FTAIs performed on 24 commercial farms). Proportion of farms that achieved low (= 40 %; n= 5), average (entre 40 a 50 %; n= 12) or high (= 50 %; n= 7) pregnancy results after FTAI. N Figure 2. Effect of body condition score (1 to 5 scale) at the first day of the synchronization protocol on the pregnancy per fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI; n=27.443 FTAIs). Figure 3. Effect of bull on the pregnancy per fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI; n=32.213 FTAIs performed on 24 commercial farms). Proportion of bull that promoted low (= 40 %; n= 13), average (entre 40 a 50 %; n= 23) or high (= 50 %; n= 37) pregnancy results after FTAI. s17
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