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Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2011. 39(Suppl 1): Abstracts - 25th Annual Meeting SBTE-Brazil. August 2011. A199 EMBRYOLOGY, BIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LEPTIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH PUBERTY IN NELLORE CATTLE TLE Luiz Lehmann Coutinho 1 , Gusta ustavo Gaspar asparin 1 , Fer ernanda Savalio alio 1 , Gerson Bar arret eto Mourão 1 , Jose B.S. Fer erraz 2 , Luis F.P .P. Silv ilva 2 & Joanir P. Eler 2 1 USP/ESALQ, PIRACICABA, SP, BRAZIL. 2 USP, PIRASSUNUNGA, SP, BRAZIL. In the past few years, the leptin gene (LEP) has been subject of intense investigation in cattle due to its association with economic traits such as energy metabolism, efficiency and food intake, fat deposition and reproductive characteristics. Previous studies suggest that this gene may be involved in the onset of puberty in animals and humans. Given the importance of this gene for the livestock, the objectives of this study were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leptin gene and its promoter (PLEP) and evaluate the effects of these SNPs on puberty. DNA was extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue samples collected from 28 Nellore breed heifers aged around 25 months, 14 pre-pubertal and 14 pubertal, and DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 96 female Nellore, from another herd, 48 of them with high expected progeny difference (EPD) for probability of pregnancy at 14 months (PP14) and 48 that have low DEP for PP14. In the 28 heifers, sequencing of three regions of the leptin gene and three regions of the leptin gene promoter allowed the identification of 37 polymorphisms, 20 of them had not been previously reported, which formed 10 distinct haplotypes. In the 96 Nellore females, only a fragment of 715 base pairs was sequenced, on which 11 SNPs were identified. None of the SNPs and haplotypes formed from the polymorphisms was associated with puberty in the 28 heifers. However, in the 96 females, the haplotype-substitution effect had suggestive association (P = 0.09) with DEP for PP14, with a haplotipic substitution effect of -9.51. Homozygous animals for haplotype 2 transmitted for the progeny less 19.02 percentile units of chance to conceive at 14 months, than animal homozygous for haplotype 1. This study identified new polymorphisms in LEP and PLEP and presented initial results of polymorphisms association with puberty in Nellore. Keywords: dna, leptin, puberty. A200 EMBRYOLOGY, BIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION PRODUCTION OF BOVINE EMBRYONIC CHIMERAS BY AGGREGA GGREGATION OF DIPLOID ( (BOS TAUR URUS US) ) AND TETRAPLOID EMBRYOS ( (BOS INDICUS) Eduardo Montanari Razza 1 , Rafael Augusto Satrapa 1 , Isabele Picada Emanuelli 1 , Ciro Moraes Barros 1 & Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira 2 1 DEPARTAMENTO DE FARMACOLOGIA, IB, UNESP, BOTUCATU, SP, BRAZIL. 2 DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, FCL, UNESP, ASSIS, SP, BRAZIL. The embryonic chimeras production by aggregation allows embryonic cells from two fertilizations to be randomly distributed in order to form a single individual. However, the formation of tetraploid embryos (4n) by electrofusion and their subsequent chimerism with a diploid embryo (2n) must result in a chimeric conceptus, whose inner cell mass (ICM) is entirely 2n. Hence, the aggregation of a zebu embryo (4n, thermotolerant) with a taurine embryo (2n, thermosensitive) would result in an exclusively taurine MCI, but with trophectoderm (future extraembryonic components, i.e. the chorion) mostly from zebu embryo, which could support taurine embryo/fetus to adapt - during pregnancy - in tropical climate. Thus, the purpose of this study was to standardize the production of 4n Nelore embryos (Bos indicus) and the production of embryonic chimeras by aggregation of Bos taurus (2n) with Bos indicus (4n) embryos. Oocytes from Nelore and Holstein cows from abattoir were matured, fertilized with semen from Nelore and Holstein bulls, respectively, and cultured in SOF (synthetic oviduct fluid). Two-cell stage Nelore embryos (30 h post insemination, hpi), with a well defined inter-blastomeric axis, were selected for electrofusion procedure (ECM 830- BTX, Harvard Apparatus) to produce tetraploid embryos. For this procedure, some parameters were tested according to the number of pulses (1 or 2), voltage (40, 50, 75, 100, 140, 500 V) and duration of electroshock (20, 25, 50, 60 µs). Nelore tetraploid embryos produced after electrofusion and diploid taurine embryos, both on 8 to 16 cells stage (72 hpi) were subjected to protease (Pronase ® ) treatment to remove the zona pellucida, and subsequently treated with the agglutinant agent phytohemagglutinin. Bos indicus (4n) and Bos taurus (2n) embryos were added in pairs (4n+2n) into individual wells (WOW) for culture until the blastocyst stage to validate the chimeric embryos formation. Among the tested parameters, the best fusion results (92%) and rates of cleavage after-fusion (66%) were obtained with a single pulse of 75 V for 60 µs. The production of embryo chimeras by aggregation (4n+2n) is on its final stage of standardization. The formation of bovine embryonic chimeras [Bos indicus (4n) + Bos taurus (2n)], with a non-random pattern of distribution of their cell aggregates, will enable the validation of this technique in applied research, by producing exclusively taurine calves, but with placental elements from Bos indicus breed, following transfer of these chimeras into recipient cows. [We thank FAPESP for financial support and scholarships granted]. Keywords: chimeric embryo, tetraploid embryo, bovine. s436
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2011. 39(Suppl 1): Abstracts - 25th Annual Meeting SBTE-Brazil. August 2011. A201 EMBRYOLOGY, BIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION EMBRYO PRODUCTION BY PAR ARTHENOGENETIC ACTIV CTIVATION TION AND IVF IN CAPUCHIN MONKEYS Sheyla Farhayldes Souza Domingues 1,2 , Julianne Silva de Lima 1,2 , Danuza Leite Leão 1,2 , Adriel Behn de Brito 1,2 , Rafael Vilar Sampaio 3 , Moysés dos Santos Miranda 1 , Otávio Mitio Ohashi 1 & Regiane Rodrigues dos Santos 4 1 UFPA, CASTANHAL, PA, BRAZIL. 2 UFPA, BELÉM, PA, BRAZIL. 3 UFOA, BELÉM, PA, BRAZIL. 4 UU, UTRECHT, HOLANDA, NL. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability to produce in vitro Cebus apella embryos from in vitro matured oocytes submitted to IVF or parthenogenetic activation. Oocytes were obtained from 6 adult females of C. apella and submitted to IVM in TCM199 supplemented with 0.5 µg/mL FSH (Animal Bioniche Health, Bellevile, Canada) and 50 µg/mL LH (Bioniche Animal Health) for 40 h at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Semen collection and liquefaction of seminal coagulum were carried according Oliveira et al. (2011, Animal Reproduction Science 123, 75-80). The semen was cooled in ACP-118 ® (Biotecnologia, Fortaleza, Brazil) using a decreasing curve of temperature of 36 °C for 4°C, in an interval of 90 min (- 0,4 °C/min) and remained in refrigerator until the moment of the IVF. For the IVF, 5 ìL of the semen (5x106 sptz/ mL) in drops were added (~10 oocytes) contends 80 µL of Fert-TALP. The oocytes destined to the parthenogenetic activation had been distributed in treatments using 5 µM of ionomycin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, USA) for 5 min in association with 2 mM of 6-DMAP (Sigma Chemical Co.) or 50 µM of roscovitine (Sigma Chemical Co.) for 3 h. Embryo culture was carry out in SOF medium at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 for up to 7 days. All data were reported as mean ± SEM. Approximately 83% of the oocytes had reached metaphase MII (MII) after 40 h of IVM. Collected semen presented 80% of motility and vigor 4 after dilution in ACP-118 ® (Biotecnologia, Fortaleza, Brazil) and cooling for 6 h at 4°C. After 30 h-IVF, extrusion of the 2PB was observed in 40 ± 12% of the oocytes, and 20 ± 4% of formed zygotes cleaved to 4-cells. Cleavage after parthenogenesis was obtained only when oocytes were activated by 6-DMAP (8 ± 4%). Roscovitine treated oocytes formed haploid zygotes (15 ± 9%), but no cleavages were observed. This is the first study describing in vitro embryo production in C. apella. The results of the IVF indicate that cooling did not affect the viability of spermatozoa, suggesting that the energy of the spermatozoa was conserved until the moment of the fertilization. As well as the zygotes produced by IVF, the parthenotes activated with ionomycin/6-DMAP cleaved until 4-cells. The use of 6-DMAP resulted in better embryonic production that specific inhibitors of the MPF (roscovitine). Keywords: Cebus apella, ivf, parthenogenetic activation. N A202 EMBRYOLOGY, BIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION SELECTION FOR POST WEANING DOES NOT CHANGE AGE AT PUBERTY IN HEIFERS Joaquim Mansano Gar arcia 1 , Fabio Mor orato o Mon onteir eiro 2 & Angelo Tor orres Arevalo 1 1 FCAV/UNESP, JABOTICABAL, SP, BRAZIL. 2 INSTITUTO DE ZOOTECNIA, SERTÃOZINHO, SP, BRAZIL. The evaluation of female´s reproductive parameters subjected to intense genetic selection for post weaning weight is an important information for the design of breeding programs for meat production improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post weaning weight selection on age at puberty in Nelore heifers based on ovaries and uterine horns ultrasound evaluation. Nelore heifers from selected herds (NeS; Nelore herd with greater differences for weight) and Nelore control herd (NeC: Nelore herd with close to zero differential for weight), from the Zebu breeding project of Instituto de Zootecnia of Sertãozinho/SP were utilized. A total of 125 heifers were used, being 47 of the NeC and 78 of the NeS groups. We evaluated by transrectal ultrasound the endometrial thickness, ovary area, largest follicle and corpus luteum (CL) diameters (when present) in both ovaries, each 18 to 21 days, between 12 and 24 months of age (total of 18 evaluations). Heifers were considered pubertal after showing visible CL and concomitantly plasma progesterone levels above 1,5ng/ml quantified by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed in SAS PROC MIXED using the REPEATED command. The first heifers ovulated (from NeS) at 18,4 months. However, at the end of the evaluations (at 24 months), there were no difference between herds in percentual of puberty manifestation (NeC: 52% and NeS: 48%). The endometrial thickness and ovaries area average did not differ between NeC and NeS. At the last evaluation (at 24 months of age) the NeC and NeS herds presented 11,74 mm and 11,80 mm of endometrial thickness and ovaries area of 3,88±0,09 cm2 and 4,10±0,07 cm2, respectively (P > 0,05). The largest follicle diameter of heifers from NeS was higher in 8 of 18 evaluations compared to the NeC, but at the last evaluation (24 months), this measure did not differ between herds (NeC: 10,70 mm and NeS: 10,45 mm; P > 0,05). It was observed in the present study that genetic selection for weaning weight, made since 1981, did not influence the percentage of pubertal heifers at 24 months in a grazing management system. At 24 months of age, approximately 50% of heifers ovulated, however, no difference in the onset of puberty was observed between the analyzed herds. It was suposed that this high non pubertal heifers rate at 24 months was consequence of feed restriction after weaning, mainly due to low forage availability and the lack of feed supplementation for the heifers under development during the dry season. Keywords: Nellore, heifers, puberty. s437
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