GIPE-PUNE-OIIOI2 - DSpace@GIPE

186 THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE OF INDIA
:and . the .United States of America represent the private
. system exclusively, while at the other pole are countries
. like Bulgaria, Lithuania and New ~ealand in which every
.. kilometre of raihyay line is state~owned and state~
managed. U we exclude these two extreme types we find
that the world is fundamentally pluralistic or rather
dualistic in its railway organization. The mixed system
:prevails in virtually every 'Country where there is a rail~
way. In certain countries the two systems are almo!,!t
·equally represented, although the bias on one side .or
-other is none the less noticeable. The examples of
Portugal and Switzerland are instructive in this regard.
Take the figures for 1927 , and we have the f;:>llowing
.scheme in kilometres:
Country
Portugal
Switzerland
State
1,336
2,942
Private
1,897
2,379
Then, we have a second group of countries in which',
'as in India, the state~system is the pronounced feature.
The following table describes this 'group for 1927 in kilo.
:metres:
Country State Private
Chili 5,526· 2,951
Mexico .15,404 5,237.
South Africa 17,811 554
Australia 41,075 .1,557
Norway • 3,259 368
Italy 16,569 4,929
Czechoslovakia 13,356 253
Austria 5,837 847