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THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND. ,cOMMERCE OF INDIA 199 railways is nearly three times that on the Japcmese and more than twice and a half that on the Italian. Indian ccmmerce is evidently a heavy item in the world's tr"de. We have noticed that India is invariably in the sixth place by the world~standard of railways. Only once (in regard to passenger~kilometres) have we found her posi~ tion in third place. If, then, for the purposes of com~ parative railway statistics India were to be accorded a position among1 the first six powers of the world, she would perhaps be regarded as only receiving her ·due. And this would imply that industrially and com~ mercially and indeed from tbe general standpoint of industrialization and technical developments India was perhaps already one of the greatest powers of the world. A statement such as this would, however, involve a pure fallacy inasmuch as it would indicate an absence of ;orientation to the fundamental considerations of compa~ rative statistics and international comparison In industrialism. In regard to groups of human beings, communities, classes or nations, the absolute figures are indeed important as conveying the sen~e ·of their com~ bined resources and power. But the groups, classes or nations are of diverse dimensions in the number of individuals and the territorial area inhabited. It is very important; therefore, for the purposes of comparison be~ tween nations as regards real efficiency, wealth, happiness, culture etc. to find out the amount of these combined re~ources and power that each individual can command ~ for hirnsdf or that is available in each square mile of territory. In other words, nothing can he more mislead~ ing than absolute figures in the comparative estimate of nations as regards economic, military or cultural power.
200 THE RAILWAY INDt,1STRY AND COMMERCE OF INDIA On each occasion it would be necessary to ascertain the values per capita of population as well as per square mile of country. It is on these averages, individualistic values, that comparative statistics may serve to place thi' different nations of the world in the proper perspective in regard· to one another. All the international statistics furnished up till now bearing on route-mileage, locomotives, ton-kilometres etc. indicate undoubtedly the enormous ,magnitude of railway ac~ievements as well as industrial andc
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Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library . 1111
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PREFACE These studies in applied ec
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The material for these studies in w
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vii The material for these studies
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of economic theory and history to t
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Preface CONTENTS Principles of Cont
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CHART I The Three Equations of Comp
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2 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OVER Accord
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4 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OVER office
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6 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OVER Privat
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8 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OVER consis
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10 'PRINCIPLES OF CONlROL OVER to m
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12 PRINCIPAL OF CONTROL. OVER and b
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14 PRI;..JCWLES OF CONTROL qVER The
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16 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OVER :are
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'.. I~. [>RINCIPLES OF CONTROL. OVE
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o 20 PRI~CIPLES . OF COXIROL OVER w
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u'Ll:;300:000' 'Iewasfur·
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The Re-piaking of the Reicbsbank an
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.fQ:ndioning, first and foremost, I
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28 THE RE~MAKING OF THE REICH5BANK
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3'0. THE RE~MAKING .OF THE REICHSBA
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32 THE RE-MAKING .oF THE REICHSBANK
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34 THE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHsBANK
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36 THE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK
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38 THE RE-MAKING OFTHEREICHSBANK Do
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40 THE RE-MAKING OF THE RElCHSBANK
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46 THE· RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBAN
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~8 . THE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBAN
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50 THE RE~MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK
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56 THE RE~MAKING OF THE RElCHSBANK
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58 THE RE-MAKING OF THE RElCHSBANK
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(>2 THE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK
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64 THERE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK m
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66 THE RE~MAKING O~ THf: REICHSBANK
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AND THE BANQUE~DE FRANCE 67 Bills D
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CHART III Banque de France t/isat/i
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;gO THE RE~MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK
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7.2 TIlE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBAN
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H THE RE~MAKING 01;' THE REICHSBANK
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76 THE RE-MAKING' OF THE REICHSBANK
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78 THERE-MAKING 01;' THE,REICHSBANK
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'So THE RE-MAKING OF THE REICHSBANK
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The Bank Capitalis,m of Young Benga
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84 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG BEN
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(1) Imports THE BANK CAPITALISM OF
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THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG BENGAL
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THE BANK C~PITALISM OF YOUNG BENGAL
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THE BANK CAPITALIsM OF YOUNG BENGAL
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CHART V Progress of "Large" Indian
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I P THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG'BE
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J,1,4 THE B~N~ CAI:'I1.:ALtSM OF YO
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-116 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
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1·1 a THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG
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1 ~Q THE BANK CAPITALiSM OF YOUNG B
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122 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNC·
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124 THE BANK CAP.ITALISM OF YP1J:-.
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126 THE BANK 'CAPIT ALISM OF YOUNG
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128 THf: BANK CAPIT~ISM OF YOt:JI'I
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i1.30 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG
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:132 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
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H4 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG BEN
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;136 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
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138 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG BE
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'~40 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
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142 THE "BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNC.
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-.144 . THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUN
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J 46 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
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Page 171 and 172: ;150 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
Page 173 and 174: il52 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG B
Page 175 and 176: GRoup I Name Capital and Reserve De
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Page 181 and 182: 160 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOIDIG B
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Page 185 and 186: ':16:4 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF YOUNG
Page 187 and 188: 166 THE BANK CAPITALISM OF· YOUNG
Page 189 and 190: 168 THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMMER
Page 191 and 192: HU11-IE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMMER
Page 193 and 194: 172 THE RAILWAY INDUSTHY .. At'/D C
Page 197 and 198: 176 tHE RAILWAY INI?USTRY AND COMME
Page 199 and 200: 178 THE RAILWAY. INDUSTRY AND COMME
Page 201 and 202: mE RAIL VIA Y INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
Page 203 and 204: 182· THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMM
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Page 213 and 214: 192. THE. RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMM
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Page 227 and 228: 206. THE RAIL WA Y INDUSTRY AND COM
Page 235 and 236: 214 THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY ~\NU \,;UM
Page 237 and 238: .216 THE RAILWAY IND~STRY AND COMME
Page 241 and 242: THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY AND COMM:ERCE
Page 243 and 244: Traces of Rationalization in Indian
Page 245 and 246: RATIONALIZATION IN INDIAN BUSINESS
Page 249 and 250: RATIO:'-lALlZATION IN INDIAN BUSINE
Page 251 and 252: RATIQ'lAUZATlONIN INDIAN BUSINESS E
Page 253 and 254: R~TIONALIZATION IN INDiAN BUSINESS
Page 255 and 256: RATIO:'IIAU,ZATION IN INDIAN BUSINI
Page 257 and 258: RATIO~ALlZATION IN INDIA~ BUSINESS
Page 259 and 260: RATl~AUZAl'ION IN 4NDlAN BUSINESS E
Page 261 and 262: RATIO:-.lALIZATION IN INDIAN BUSINE
Page 263 and 264: RATIONALIZATION IN INDIAN BUSiNESS
Page 267 and 268: RATIONALIZATION ININDIAS BUSINESS E
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RATIONALIZATION IN INDIAN BUSINESS
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RATIONALIZATION IN INDIAN BtJSINESS
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RATIO:'lllALIZATION IN INDIAN BUSL"
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Tbe World-Crisis in its Bearings on
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WORLD-CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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WORLD..
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WORLD~CRISIS : INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIO
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CHART VII Post-war expansion of tra
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272 WORLD~CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLU
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274 WORLD-CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL ~EVOLU
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276 W::RLD-c..~SIS: K'IIJt]STRIAL R
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WORLD-CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REYOLUTION
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CHART IX Vage and Cost of Living In
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282 WORLD~CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLU
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284 WQRLD~CR'ISIS: DIDUSTRIAL REVOL
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286 WORLD~CRISIS : INDUSTRIAL REVOL
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290 WORLD.CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLU
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292 WORLD-CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLU
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294 WORLD~CRISIS : [\lDUSTRIAL REVO
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298 WORLD-CRISIS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLU
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00 WORLD~CRISIS· : INDUSTRIAL REVO
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INDE:4 Absolute figures in internat
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INDEX 305 Financial rationalization
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INDEX 307 Poverty as world phenomen
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