GIPE-PUNE-OIIOI2 - DSpace@GIPE

286 WORLD~CRISIS : INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
feature of modern civilization the state will have to maintain
the unemployed in .exactly the same manner or spirit
in which the poorer individuals. or classes were supported
by the -families. castes. communities. churches etc., in
ancient and ~ediaeval times. It is to be observed en
passant that even under modern conditions old forms of
philanthropy. individual or organized. have not disappeared.
"Poor relief"22 is still prevalent as much in
Great Britain as in Germany. And even to~day Stadtkueche
(city~kitchens) are set in operation and move froIIl:
street to street offering soup to hundreds and thousands
of the working and middle classes. Municipal charity
in the form of distribution of food to the needy men,.
women and children at their very doors is a regular
feature of German and Austrian social economy.
While these old forms of relief are likely to continue'
for some long time. what is specially noteworthy is that
social assurance under state guidance. control and man~·
agement is likely to become more and more the characteristic
feature of poverty~treatment in modern times. No
civilization can be conceived without a "public burden:'
Charity only changes its countenance. In new forms ..
under state auspices.--call it "dole" or insurance with.
state aid.-philanthropy' will have to take care of millions.
who for one reason ot other are deprived of the privilege
of functioning as earnin~ members. But these millions.
can exercise their rights of maintenance at the hands of
22 See the analysis of the situation in Birmingham. Bolton, Cardiff.
Glasgow. Leeds. Reading, Shoreditch, and the Tyneside as presened by .
the authors of The Third Winter of Unemployment and Is Unemployment
Inevitahle) in Unemployment Insurance in Great Britain (London, 1925»
PP.' 18, 25, 32, 48, 57, 66, 67.