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Ilh.:atwn-sp':':1 tic c"nditions. The role and usefulness of the common sense approach, hesid.:s a t.:chn,,-c.:ntnc prokssiunal approach n d t b . d 'd' . , ee soc given ue consl erattOn 111 llrli.:r tll prom"I': and .:nsure sustainability. • Tralllll1\! - \\ til plav . a vilal role in capacity bUI'ldl'ng . Th e sea I e 0 t't rammg . . nee d s to b e hlk.:d lip ;11 1\\ I' k\els: one, at the Ic\cl of the irrigation bureaucracy and the other, lit" \\'l".\, III c'ln er tanners and \VUA timctionaries, Formal and informal training slll'uld help In capacity huilding of concerned officers and of farmers and office h.:an:rs I,f Wl':\ tl' t'>rIn and run th.: WUAs smoothly and profitably. Hence, trallllng c.:nt.:rs h;l\,' ", he ,:slahlish.:d in all the major commands to train both the fanners and the ag.:ncy. Gi\l:n the aJ\I:rse etlccts purport.:dly cr.:at.:d hy irrigation projects on one hand and greater nCt.oJ II, u!tlise natural resources 10 me.:t food r.:quirements of increasing population on the otht.,., has koJ to a de\ dopmenl dilemma in the country. Dilemmas exist about the feasibility of buildmg more and more major irrigation projects as there is fear at some quarters that such pn')t.'l.:ts arc en\lronmentallY dISastrous. Indeed the scope of green revolution is almost limited to Irrigated lands reinforces the crucial importance of irrigation. Consequently, the advCfSC impacts caust.oJ hy large irrigation projects and canal irrigation have also led to a lot of discussion and dehate hy environmentalists regarding the investment priority given to this sector. Although one h;" Itl guard against environmental fundamentalism, there is little doubt about the adverse Illlpacts of such projects. This docs not necessarily imply' that pctlple's livcs should he ,aenticed tl)r the sake ofthc environment. People should however he treated as an integral cllmponent of the environment and their interests should be mextricably tied to the well being of the larger system. Hence, it is axiomatic in these ctr\;umstanccs to hutld or ensure environment triendly irrigation management by involving user communities and other stake holders. 218
References Abbasi~ S. A. 199} .. Environmental Impacts of Water Resources Projects: With Special Reference to Krishna . ma U} lana d' 1 an d G d 0 avari River Basins Discovery Publishing House. New Delhi. ' Abdel-Dayem. Safwat. 2000. Drainage experiences in arid and semi-arid regions, in: Eighth ICID InternatIOnal Drainage Workshop, New Delhi. India. Abernethy. C. L and Pearce. G.R. 1987. Research needs in third world irrigation. Hydraulics Research l.imited. Wallingford. England. Abrol. J.P. and Yada\'. J. S. Pal. and Massoud, F.J. 1988. Salt E:ffected soils and Their Management. F AO Soil Bulletin 39. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. Aceves-Navarro. E. 1995. "Salinity Problems in Food Production of the Mexican Irrigation Districts in Water and Water Policy in the World Food Supplies". Proceedings of the Conference. ed. W R Jordan, College Station: Texas A and M University.pp.129-133. Admassie. Y and S. Gebre. 1985. Food-far-work in Ethiopia. A socia-economic survey, Institute of Development Research (lOR), Addis Ababa University. Agarwal. R.I'. u.s. Mehta. and T. Chand. 1994. "Sustaining productivity by organic amendments under rice and wheat cropping system". in Transactions 5b, 15 th World COnb'TeSS Social Sciences. Acapulco. Mexico, pp 73-74. Ahmad. M. 2000. "IITIgation and drainage policies in the Near East", in Proceedings of the Rth IC'ID international drainage workshop, Vol. 3. New Delhi. Ahmad. M. and G.P. Kutcher. 1992. "Irrigation Planning with Environmental Considerations, A Case study of Pakistan's Indus Basin." World Bank Technical Paper No. 166 Washington. D.C. World Bank. Ahmcd. A. 1991. "Irrigation Hazards due to Poor Management: A Case Study of Kano River Project, NIgeria", in Richard Wooldridge (Eds), Techniques for Environmentally Sound Water Rcsources f)C'I'C'/opmcnt, Pentech Press, London. Aryan, Rita. 1')
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Water Users Association and Irrigat
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Phone: 91 080-23215468/5592/5519 FA
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grant was of great help in undertak
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LIST OF TABLES Page. No. 1.1: Outla
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8.3: Estimated Production Functions
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Chapter 1 Introduction The natural
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partition, 8.8 million hectares of
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levels. This is more so with major
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"twin problems" (Details of general
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~~~,~~ Figure 1.1 gives the data fr
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much lower at 1.6 million hectares
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Table 1.3: Incidence of Waterloggin
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as they severely limit the choice o
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water managers sometimes succumbed
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(Carruthus 1981 & 1985; OED 1989; F
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While some of the root causes contr
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Irrigation tends to artificially in
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Appendix 1.2: Important committees,
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degradation is more in the command
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The study by Abassi (1991) on the e
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account of irrigation development a
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without providing adequate canal se
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, Sathyanarayana et al. (200 I) doc
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in the operation and maintenance of
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waterlogging. The study emphasizes
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... The studies reviewed so far, cl
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to ensure greater production from l
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mentioned the effective training of
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Transfer of management for the 12,0
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Ahmad (2000) claimed that water sca
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Chapter 3 Objectives, Methodology a
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components of the same l . The envi
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Table 3.1: Total Number of Farmers
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Secondary data have been collected
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Lowdennilk 1981). Bardhan (1984) an
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attempting to achieve collective be
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External conditions: Physical and t
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etc. It is a supply-oriented design
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Appendix 3.1: Salient Features of T
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Chapter 4 Profile of the Sample Vil
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Figure 4.3: Map of Gllndllr Village
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is used to supplement the canal wat
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It is interesting to note that leas
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Table 4.2: Caste-wise Distribution
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more land in the upper and middle r
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than 30 years experience (see Table
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Table 4.12: Distribution of Farmers
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cultivation in the upper and the mi
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Labor shortages are common at peak
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amount of RS.25 but during the year
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majority of the sample fanners are
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I. To introduce a schedule of water
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Rule Enforcement .:. The Associatio
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Chapter 5 Farmers' Knowledge and Pe
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transect walks which revealed that
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consumption which are known to be s
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should be noted that these lands ha
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their lands fully, while some suffe
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management strategies and type of c
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d · 15 degra at IOn . ill Hagedal,
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cropping and intensive irrigation o
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Farmers knowledge of the proposed c
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Reasons for violation In both the v
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mild waterlogging and were not cult
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1 0 increasing susceptibility of cr
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of a water intensive crop. The exce
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over irrigate their fields. There a
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depends on the provision of opportu
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The next most frequently used strat
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irrigation channels is the responsi
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the field than needed as insurance
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of the irrigation fields are kept i
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In a detailed analysis of the TBP,
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The most popular practice in Gundur
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grazing lands and the consequent re
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do poor quality work. There IS gove
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the task of organizational and admi
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have merged the information from bo
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Three brothers working on leased la
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everyone individually chooses to ta
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irrigation officials who exercised
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water] The local leadership is not
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Rs. 50 per acre during Rabi to the
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In afocus group discussion one of t
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I In Gundur, women are members in t
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I It can be noted from Table 7.4 th
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I land and other farmers do not mak
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• that cattle do not damage the i
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I the existing situations of their
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I riding" has become a rational cho
Page 181 and 182: I customary nonns. Intangible benef
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Page 185 and 186: I Leadership The quality of leaders
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Page 197 and 198: collective management drainage. The
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Page 203 and 204: Chapter 8 Impact of Water Users' As
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Page 209 and 210: lands in Gundur is more compared to
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Page 213 and 214: decline by 2.5 percent in Gundur an
Page 215 and 216: In Gundur, farmers identified crop
Page 217 and 218: I Other key problems were the poor
Page 219 and 220: • Appendix 8.1: Water Availabilit
Page 221 and 222: • Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusio
Page 223 and 224: I In Hagedal, one of the sample vil
Page 225 and 226: I In irrigated fanning of the fanne
Page 227 and 228: I management practices evolved by W
Page 229 and 230: • comparable estimates, it would
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Page 235 and 236: Bre~e~·hJ· d S , Kolavalli. A. H.
Page 237 and 238: • Dhawan, B. D. 2002. Technologic
Page 239 and 240: Gmernment of India. Tenth Five- Yea
Page 241 and 242: Joshi. P. K. ,.1987. "Effect of Sur
Page 243 and 244: Maloney._ C and K. V. Raju. 1994. '
Page 245 and 246: Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of"Collec
Page 247 and 248: Reddy, t'vl. Venkata. 1996. "Tungab
Page 249 and 250: Sridharan. K. and S. Vedula. 1985.
Page 251 and 252: Wade, Robert. 1987 "Ma . '. . . . n
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