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Kielen. N C 1996 Fanner' t' h . . . .' . . .. . " . s percep IOns, t elr strategIes and practIces for dealmg wIth sahmty and sodlCIty m their fanning systems. Report R-6. International Irrigation Management InstItute. Lahore, Pakistan. Kijne. J.W. 1996. Water and salinity balances for irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. Research Paper 5. Colombo. Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute. Kirchman. H. 19H5. "Losses, Plant Uptake and Utilization of manure nitrogen during a productIOn cycle". Acta AgriCllltlirae Scandinavia, Supplementum 24. Kosnam. S. S. 1952. "The Tungabhadra canal-survey and design", Journal olthe institution of Eng inc as (India). Vol. 33. pp313-331. . Kl)\da. V. A. 1983. "Loss of productive land due to salinization", Ambia. Vol. 12, No.2, Pp91-93. Kuhen. F. 1996. I.and tenllre III Asia: Access to land-access to ll1come, Heidelberg, Gennany: GTZ. Kuper. M and E. W. van Waiijen. 1993. Farmers' irrigation practices and their impact on soil salimtl'. Is salinity here to stay~ Paper presented at the Internal Program Review of the International Irrigation Management Institute, 1993. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. Kurt Stetfen and Mary Savina, 1996 The Effects of Secondary (Irrigation Induced) Soil SalinizatlllJl: Will Secondary Soil Salinisation Make Irrigated Agriculture in Arid and Sub-Arid Area.-; Non-Sustainable on a Global Scale? www.kurtgeology.com Lakshminarayana. 1990. "Tungabhadra Board (a study in development administration)", The Director, Prasangara, University of Mysore, Mysore. Lax. A. E. Diaz. V. Castillo, and J. Albaladejo. 1994. "Reclamation of Physical and Chemical Properties of a Salinized Soil by Organic Amendment", Arid Soil Rehahilitation. VoI.H, Pp9-17. Li. Y. H. 1999. Theory and techniques of water saving irrigation. (ed) Wuhan, China: Wuhan University of Hydraul. Electric Eng. Press. Llerena. A. 1993. Inventario de tierras bajo riego a{ectadas par salinizacion y/o niveles (re(iticos. Mexico, D. F., Mexico: FAO (representacion en Mexico). Lowdennilk. M. K. 1986. "Improved irrigation management: why involve fanners?", in Nobe. K C and R K Sampath (eds). Irrigation Management in Developing Countries: CZlrrentlssZles and Approaches, Boulder, Co: Westside Press, Pp427-456. Madarkal, Narasing Rao. 1970. Tungabhadra Project. Achievements and aspirations. Government Press, Bangalore. Makin, I.W. and H. Goldsmith. 1988. "Selection of Drainage and Its Phased Implementation tor S
Maloney._ C and K. V. Raju. 1994. 'The Role of Farmers Organisations in Environmentally BenefICIal Water Managemenf'. in M V K Sivamohan (ed) India: Irrigation MallllRement Partnerships. Booklinks Corporation. Hyderabad. Marc. C. A. Shiferaw and Mitiku Haile. 2000. "Farmers' knowledge of soil fertility and local management strategies in Tigray", Ethiopia. Managing Africa's soil. Discussion paper 10. Marnthia. D. K. 1997. "Agricultural Technology and Environmental Quality: An Institutional Perspective", Keynote paper, Illdian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 52, No.3, pp473-87. Marothla. D. K. 2003. "Enhancing Sustainable Management of Water Resource In Agm:ulture Sector: The Role of Institutions", Keynotc paper, Indiall Journal of Agricultllral Ecollomics, Vol. 58. No.3, pp404-26. MarshalL G. R. 2001. Crafting Cooperation ill the Commons: An Economic Analysis of Prospects .lor Collaborative Environmental Governance. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. University of New England, Armidale. Mathur. P. C. 1998. "Drainage Solutions to Irrigation Problems ". Prashasnika, Vol. XXV No.1 Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, Meyra Mendoza, Loic Sadoulet, Ghada Abiad-Shields and Ashok Subramanian. 1997. "Sustainable water users' associations: Lessons from a literature review", in User orgllnisations for sustainable water services, ed. Ashok Subramanian, N. Vijaya Jagannathan and Ruth Meinzen- Dick, 7-87. World Bank Technical Paper 354. Washington, 0 C. World Bank. Mcti. T. K. 1972. Tungabhadra irrigation strategy and accelerator of development. Volume I. Department of Economics, Karnataka University, Dharwad. (Mimeograph) • Tvllshra. A. 1986. "The Tawa dam: An Irrigation Project That Has Reduced Farm Production", in E. Goldsmith and N. Hildyard (eds). The Social And Environmental Elfects of Large Dams, Cornell University. Mollmga, Peter. 1998. On the Waterfront: Water distribution, technology and agrarian change in a South Indian canal irrigation system, PhD. thesis. Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. Mueller-Saemann, K.M and J. Kotschi. 1994. Sustaining growth: soilfertility management in tropical smallholdings. GTZ/CTA, Margraf, Weikersheim, Germany. Muhammad, A. K and Muhammad Azam. 2002. "Individual and combined effect of waterlogging and Salinity on crop yields in the Indus basin", Irrigation and drainage. Vo1.51, Pp329-338. 229
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Water Users Association and Irrigat
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Phone: 91 080-23215468/5592/5519 FA
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grant was of great help in undertak
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LIST OF TABLES Page. No. 1.1: Outla
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8.3: Estimated Production Functions
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Chapter 1 Introduction The natural
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partition, 8.8 million hectares of
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levels. This is more so with major
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"twin problems" (Details of general
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~~~,~~ Figure 1.1 gives the data fr
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much lower at 1.6 million hectares
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Table 1.3: Incidence of Waterloggin
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as they severely limit the choice o
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water managers sometimes succumbed
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(Carruthus 1981 & 1985; OED 1989; F
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While some of the root causes contr
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Irrigation tends to artificially in
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Appendix 1.2: Important committees,
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degradation is more in the command
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The study by Abassi (1991) on the e
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account of irrigation development a
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without providing adequate canal se
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, Sathyanarayana et al. (200 I) doc
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in the operation and maintenance of
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waterlogging. The study emphasizes
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... The studies reviewed so far, cl
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to ensure greater production from l
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mentioned the effective training of
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Transfer of management for the 12,0
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Ahmad (2000) claimed that water sca
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Chapter 3 Objectives, Methodology a
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components of the same l . The envi
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Table 3.1: Total Number of Farmers
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Secondary data have been collected
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Lowdennilk 1981). Bardhan (1984) an
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attempting to achieve collective be
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External conditions: Physical and t
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etc. It is a supply-oriented design
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Appendix 3.1: Salient Features of T
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Chapter 4 Profile of the Sample Vil
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Figure 4.3: Map of Gllndllr Village
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is used to supplement the canal wat
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It is interesting to note that leas
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Table 4.2: Caste-wise Distribution
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more land in the upper and middle r
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than 30 years experience (see Table
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Table 4.12: Distribution of Farmers
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cultivation in the upper and the mi
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Labor shortages are common at peak
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amount of RS.25 but during the year
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majority of the sample fanners are
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I. To introduce a schedule of water
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Rule Enforcement .:. The Associatio
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Chapter 5 Farmers' Knowledge and Pe
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transect walks which revealed that
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consumption which are known to be s
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should be noted that these lands ha
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their lands fully, while some suffe
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management strategies and type of c
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d · 15 degra at IOn . ill Hagedal,
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cropping and intensive irrigation o
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Farmers knowledge of the proposed c
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Reasons for violation In both the v
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mild waterlogging and were not cult
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1 0 increasing susceptibility of cr
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of a water intensive crop. The exce
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over irrigate their fields. There a
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depends on the provision of opportu
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The next most frequently used strat
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irrigation channels is the responsi
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the field than needed as insurance
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of the irrigation fields are kept i
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In a detailed analysis of the TBP,
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The most popular practice in Gundur
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grazing lands and the consequent re
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do poor quality work. There IS gove
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the task of organizational and admi
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have merged the information from bo
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Three brothers working on leased la
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everyone individually chooses to ta
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irrigation officials who exercised
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water] The local leadership is not
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Rs. 50 per acre during Rabi to the
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In afocus group discussion one of t
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I In Gundur, women are members in t
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I It can be noted from Table 7.4 th
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I land and other farmers do not mak
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• that cattle do not damage the i
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I the existing situations of their
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I riding" has become a rational cho
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I customary nonns. Intangible benef
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I tennite mounds on fields. They be
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I Leadership The quality of leaders
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• One o{the office bearers commen
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• the causes for waterlogging and
Page 191 and 192: • keeping water cess books and bi
Page 193 and 194: • through strict rule enforcement
Page 195 and 196: • to improve the quality of the W
Page 197 and 198: collective management drainage. The
Page 199 and 200: PIM initiative did not originate in
Page 201 and 202: sustainability could be expected th
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 8 Impact of Water Users' As
Page 205 and 206: I examines the efficacy of fanners
Page 207 and 208: I is 2744.15 kg whereas in Hagedal
Page 209 and 210: lands in Gundur is more compared to
Page 211 and 212: Table 8.3: Estimated Production Fun
Page 213 and 214: decline by 2.5 percent in Gundur an
Page 215 and 216: In Gundur, farmers identified crop
Page 217 and 218: I Other key problems were the poor
Page 219 and 220: • Appendix 8.1: Water Availabilit
Page 221 and 222: • Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusio
Page 223 and 224: I In Hagedal, one of the sample vil
Page 225 and 226: I In irrigated fanning of the fanne
Page 227 and 228: I management practices evolved by W
Page 229 and 230: • comparable estimates, it would
Page 231 and 232: • PIM policy should not just stop
Page 233 and 234: References Abbasi~ S. A. 199} .. En
Page 235 and 236: Bre~e~·hJ· d S , Kolavalli. A. H.
Page 237 and 238: • Dhawan, B. D. 2002. Technologic
Page 239 and 240: Gmernment of India. Tenth Five- Yea
Page 241: Joshi. P. K. ,.1987. "Effect of Sur
Page 245 and 246: Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of"Collec
Page 247 and 248: Reddy, t'vl. Venkata. 1996. "Tungab
Page 249 and 250: Sridharan. K. and S. Vedula. 1985.
Page 251 and 252: Wade, Robert. 1987 "Ma . '. . . . n
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