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TIPP-II. 1996 Water quality W. I' . . . assessment. ater qua Ity-monltoring plan and preliminQ/y s~mplllJg results. Ministry of foreign Affairs, Directorate General for International (ooperatlOn, the Netherlands and Command Area Development Authority Tungabhadra Scheme. Mumrabad. India. Tmman. IJ. B. 195R. The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf. Tsur. Y and A. Dinar. 1997. "The Relative Efficiency and Implementation Costs of Alternatl\'e Methods for Pricing Irrigation Water", The World Bank Economic Review, \ lll.ll. No.2. Pp243-262. l:mah. D. 1993. "Irrigation Induced Salinity: A Growing Problem for Development and the En\lwmnent". World Bank Technical Paper No. 215, The World Bank, Washington, D.l'. l;mmat. A. K and K. S. Premo 1981. "Use of Cement Plaster in Lining of Watercourses: An Etlcctivc and Economical Medium for Conservation of Water" , All India Seminar on Water Resources. Its Development and Management. UNEP. 1987. "Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental Law Guidelines and Principles". 9. Decisions 14/25 of the Governing Council. United Nations Environment PW/:.'Tamme. Van Hoorn. J.W and J.G. Alphen. 1994. "Salinity control", in Ritzema (1994), chapter 15, rr533--600. Van Schllfgaarde, Jan. 1994. "Irrigation- a Blessing or a Curse", Agricultural Water Management. Vo1.25. Pp203-219. van Steenbergen, Frank. 1997. "International experiences with the drainage water board L'Oncept ". in Snellen, W. B. (Ed.): Towards Integration of irrigation and Drainage Management. Proceedings of the lubilee Symposium (25-26 November 1996) at the Occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of ILRI and Thirty-Fifth Anniversary of the ICLD. Wageningen, the Netherlands. Vcrghese, B. G. 1990. Waters of Hope. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. VcrmilllOn, D. I. and C. Garces-Restrepo. 1996. Resllits of management turnover in two Irf'l)~atioll districts in Colombia. Research Report 4. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Imgation Management Institute. VcnI1lllion, D. L. 1992. "Irrigation management turnover: Stmctural adjustment or strategic cvolution·/"'. IIMI Review 6. Vcnnillinn, D. L. 1997. Impacts of irrigation management transfer: A review of the evidence. Resean.:h Report II. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute. Vohra. B. Ii 1972. II Charterfor the land. Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi. 236
Wade, Robert. 1987 "Ma . '. . . . nagmg water managers: detemng expropnatlOn or equltv as a c.ontrol mechanism", in Jordan, W R (ed). Water and Water Polin: in' Irorlli Food Supphes. College Station: Texas A and M University Press. Pp. 177-183. Wade, Robert. I ?88. Village Rebublics: Economic conditions for collective action ill SOl/th India, Cambndge, Cambridge University Press. Wade, Robert. 1995. "The ecological basis of irrigation institutions: East and south Asia", World Development Vol.23, No.12, Pp2041-2049. Waheed-Us-Zaman. 2000. "Impacts of Irrigation and Drainage Development Projects in Pakistan: Farmers' Perceptions", The Pakistan Development Review, Vo1.39, No.2 (Summer 2000) pp 131-152. Weeks, L.O and T.E. Levy. 1985." Management solutions for salinity control in an irrigation district", in Water and water policy in world food supplies, ed. W.R. Jordan, pp. 153- 157. Proceedings of the Conference, 16-30 May 1985. Texas, USA: Texas A&M University. Whitecombe E., 1972. Agrarian Conditions in Northern India, Vol. I. The United Provinces under British Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wichelns, Dennis. 1999. "An economic model of waterlogging and salinisation m arid regions", Ecological Economics, Vol. 30, Pp475-491. Witter, E and Kirchman, H. 1989. "Peat, zeolite and basalt as adsorbents of ammoniacal nitrogen during manure decomposition", Plant and Soil, Vol. ( 115, Pp43-52. Wittfogel, Karl. 1957. Oriental Despotism: A comparative Study of Total power. New Haven. Yale University Press, 1957. Wopereis, M.C.S, C. Donovan, B. Nebie, D. Guindo, M. K. N'diaye, and S. Hafele. 1998. "Nitrogen management, soil nitrogen supply and farmers' yields in Sahelian rice-based irrigation systems", Advances in Ecology, Vol.3l, Pp 1261-1266 . World Bank. 1991. "Evaluation Results for 1989", Washington D C, Operations Evaluation Department, World Bank. World Bank. 1991a. "India Irrigation Subsector Review Volume II: Supplementary Analysis", Report No. 9518-IN. Washington D C. The World Bank. World Bank. 1997. "World Bank approves US $ 285 million for Pakistan's national drainage program" (News Release NO. 9811528/SAS). Islamabad, Pakistan: World Bank. World Bank. 1998. "India: Water Resource Management Sector Review: Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Report". World Rank!ICID. 1989. Research and development in irrigation and drainage (Draft). 237
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Water Users Association and Irrigat
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Phone: 91 080-23215468/5592/5519 FA
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grant was of great help in undertak
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LIST OF TABLES Page. No. 1.1: Outla
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8.3: Estimated Production Functions
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Chapter 1 Introduction The natural
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partition, 8.8 million hectares of
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levels. This is more so with major
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"twin problems" (Details of general
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~~~,~~ Figure 1.1 gives the data fr
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much lower at 1.6 million hectares
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Table 1.3: Incidence of Waterloggin
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as they severely limit the choice o
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water managers sometimes succumbed
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(Carruthus 1981 & 1985; OED 1989; F
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While some of the root causes contr
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Irrigation tends to artificially in
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Appendix 1.2: Important committees,
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degradation is more in the command
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The study by Abassi (1991) on the e
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account of irrigation development a
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without providing adequate canal se
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, Sathyanarayana et al. (200 I) doc
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in the operation and maintenance of
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waterlogging. The study emphasizes
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... The studies reviewed so far, cl
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to ensure greater production from l
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mentioned the effective training of
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Transfer of management for the 12,0
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Ahmad (2000) claimed that water sca
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Chapter 3 Objectives, Methodology a
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components of the same l . The envi
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Table 3.1: Total Number of Farmers
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Secondary data have been collected
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Lowdennilk 1981). Bardhan (1984) an
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attempting to achieve collective be
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External conditions: Physical and t
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etc. It is a supply-oriented design
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Appendix 3.1: Salient Features of T
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Chapter 4 Profile of the Sample Vil
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Figure 4.3: Map of Gllndllr Village
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is used to supplement the canal wat
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It is interesting to note that leas
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Table 4.2: Caste-wise Distribution
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more land in the upper and middle r
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than 30 years experience (see Table
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Table 4.12: Distribution of Farmers
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cultivation in the upper and the mi
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Labor shortages are common at peak
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amount of RS.25 but during the year
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majority of the sample fanners are
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I. To introduce a schedule of water
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Rule Enforcement .:. The Associatio
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Chapter 5 Farmers' Knowledge and Pe
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transect walks which revealed that
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consumption which are known to be s
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should be noted that these lands ha
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their lands fully, while some suffe
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management strategies and type of c
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d · 15 degra at IOn . ill Hagedal,
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cropping and intensive irrigation o
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Farmers knowledge of the proposed c
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Reasons for violation In both the v
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mild waterlogging and were not cult
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1 0 increasing susceptibility of cr
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of a water intensive crop. The exce
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over irrigate their fields. There a
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depends on the provision of opportu
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The next most frequently used strat
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irrigation channels is the responsi
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the field than needed as insurance
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of the irrigation fields are kept i
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In a detailed analysis of the TBP,
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The most popular practice in Gundur
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grazing lands and the consequent re
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do poor quality work. There IS gove
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the task of organizational and admi
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have merged the information from bo
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Three brothers working on leased la
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everyone individually chooses to ta
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irrigation officials who exercised
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water] The local leadership is not
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Rs. 50 per acre during Rabi to the
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In afocus group discussion one of t
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I In Gundur, women are members in t
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I It can be noted from Table 7.4 th
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I land and other farmers do not mak
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• that cattle do not damage the i
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I the existing situations of their
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I riding" has become a rational cho
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I customary nonns. Intangible benef
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I tennite mounds on fields. They be
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I Leadership The quality of leaders
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• One o{the office bearers commen
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• the causes for waterlogging and
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• keeping water cess books and bi
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• through strict rule enforcement
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• to improve the quality of the W
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collective management drainage. The
Page 199 and 200: PIM initiative did not originate in
Page 201 and 202: sustainability could be expected th
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 8 Impact of Water Users' As
Page 205 and 206: I examines the efficacy of fanners
Page 207 and 208: I is 2744.15 kg whereas in Hagedal
Page 209 and 210: lands in Gundur is more compared to
Page 211 and 212: Table 8.3: Estimated Production Fun
Page 213 and 214: decline by 2.5 percent in Gundur an
Page 215 and 216: In Gundur, farmers identified crop
Page 217 and 218: I Other key problems were the poor
Page 219 and 220: • Appendix 8.1: Water Availabilit
Page 221 and 222: • Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusio
Page 223 and 224: I In Hagedal, one of the sample vil
Page 225 and 226: I In irrigated fanning of the fanne
Page 227 and 228: I management practices evolved by W
Page 229 and 230: • comparable estimates, it would
Page 231 and 232: • PIM policy should not just stop
Page 233 and 234: References Abbasi~ S. A. 199} .. En
Page 235 and 236: Bre~e~·hJ· d S , Kolavalli. A. H.
Page 237 and 238: • Dhawan, B. D. 2002. Technologic
Page 239 and 240: Gmernment of India. Tenth Five- Yea
Page 241 and 242: Joshi. P. K. ,.1987. "Effect of Sur
Page 243 and 244: Maloney._ C and K. V. Raju. 1994. '
Page 245 and 246: Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of"Collec
Page 247 and 248: Reddy, t'vl. Venkata. 1996. "Tungab
Page 249: Sridharan. K. and S. Vedula. 1985.
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