Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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Perspectives on Intellectual Property from Botswana’s Publicly Funded Researchers patents are registered by foreign entities. Botswana has few legal firms with qualified IP professionals (e.g. attorneys, agents and licensing professionals) who are in a position to assist during the patent life cycle, i.e. the application process, the negotiation of a licence over patented technology and the settlement of disputes over IP rights. The only readily available IP case found in Botswana was Botswana Football Association and Another v. Kgamane [1998 BLR 153 (CA)]. This suggests minimal legal activity in Botswana related to IP. However, since the 1970s, Botswana has taken progressive steps to improve its general IP framework. Furthermore, the country has attempted to develop the necessary institutional infrastructure to encourage and support its objectives. Botswana’s Vision 2016 objectives and the broad integration between MIST, its parastatals and academic institutions such as UB are certainly steps in the right direction. Botswana is clearly cognisant that it needs to continue to improve its publicly funded research environment in order to stimulate research and to attract, support and retain academic talent. The data collected and analysed in the sections that follow provide some insights into researchers’ perspectives on the existing public research environment. 4. Research findings Part 1: awareness, knowledge, institutional frameworks Respondent demographics Of the 187 researchers who participated in the study, 61.5% were married, 28.3% were single (never married) and 7% were divorced. The highest educational qualification of respondents was as follows: 58.3% PhD, 34.8% Master’s degree, 5.9% Bachelor’s degree. The age of the respondents varied as follows: 35.8% were between 40 and 49; 17.1% between 30 and 39; 16% between 50 and 59, and 22% did not state their age. Of the respondents, 67.4% were male and 32.6% female (see Figure 15.1). Awareness of use of IP to protect research output The study found that 84.5% of the researchers were aware that the intellectual output of their research activities (their IP) could be protected from being used, sold and copied by other individuals or organisations without their permission. Meanwhile, 11.8% were unaware of this fact, and 3.7% did not indicate. Researchers were aware of various methods of protecting IP: copyright (89.2%), trademark (77.8%), patent (75.9%), industrial designs (56.3%), geographical indications (50.6%) and trade secrets (49.4%) (Figure 15.2). 345
Innovation & Intellectual Property Government/NGOs 3.7 Type of institution Industry/consulting firms PROs 2.1 15.5 Academic institutions 78.6 Not indicated 0.5 Marital status/ Cohabiting Widowed Divorced Cohabiting Married 1.6 7.0 1.1 61.5 Single (never married) 28.3 Not indicated 0.5 Educational qualification PhD Master’s degree Bachelor’s degree 5.9 34.8 58.3 Professional certificate 0.5 Not indicated 20.9 60–69 4.8 Age 50–59 40–49 16.0 35.8 30–39 17.1 20–29 5.3 Gender Female Male 32.6 67.4 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Figure 15.1: Demographic characteristics of respondents When asked whether they knew how to use the various mechanisms to protect their IP, 81.5% of the researchers said they had knowledge of the use of copyrights, 65.5% said they knew how to use patents, 66.4% trademarks, 48.7% industrial designs, 42% geographical indications and 47.9% trade secrets (Figure 15.3). On whether they had used IP protection methods, 62% stated they had used copyrights, 28% patents, 30% trademarks, 28% geographical indications, 24% trade secrets and 16% industrial designs (Figure 15.4). 346
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Innovation & Intellectual Property
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Contents Preface ..................
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Preface This book is among the key
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Preface mandated Train for Trade pr
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About the Contributors Dr Perihan A
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Chapter 2 Frameworks for Analysing
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Chapter 6 The Policy Context for a
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Chapter 10 African Patent Offices N
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Chapter 11 The State of Biofuel Inn
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Chapter 13 Effects of the South Afr
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Page 319 and 320: Innovation & Intellectual Property
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Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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