Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

Innovation & Intellectual Property
Types of research conducted by researchers
Applied research
Literature/desk review
Basic research
Consultancy
Evaluation research
Epidemiological research
Clinical trials
1.6%
9.2%
28.6%
27.6%
47.6%
44.9%
57.8%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%
Figure 15.5: Types of research
PROs (86%), which was applied research (Table 15.6). In industry and consulting
firms, most research (75%) was basic research. Government and NGO research
was most likely to be applied (43%) or basic (29%).
Levels of research activity
Respondents were asked about their involvement in past and present research. The
finding was that, while 94.1% of respondents had conducted research in the past,
only 79.5% were at present actively engaged in research. In terms of perception of
their institutions’ involvement in research, 43.8% of respondents assessed the level
as “medium” while 32.4% rated it “high” and 22.7% rated it “low” (Figure 15.6).
The study results suggest that the level of involvement in research was significantly
dependent on the type of institution. The majority of the researchers from
academic institutions (48.3%) and research institutions (69%) rated their institution’s
level of involvement in research as medium, while 75% of researchers from
industry rated it as high.
The magnitude of respondents’ annual research activity was also assessed.
Figure 15.7 aggregates the respondents’ average annual research output over a
five-year period (2006–10) across 13 kinds of outputs. The 187 respondents surveyed
were found to have produced an annual average of 165 journal articles,
356