Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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Index liberalisation 109, 111 secrets 1, 10, 138, 346, 379, 389 trademark-based GI protection 101 trademark GIs versus sui generis GIs 100–102 ecological, cultural, biodiversity goals 100 trademarks 1, 10, 80, 132, 138, 346, 378 collective 78 conventional 78 ordinary 78 protection 389 registration and licensing 98 in research 13 speciality 78 see also communal trademarks Trade Marks Act, Kenya 140, 141 Trademarks Registry, Nigeria 116 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, WTO 2, 4, 117–118, 132–133, 255, 269, 340 traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) 133, 136, 145 traditional ecological knowledge 133 traditional healers, Bushbuckridge, South Africa 151–152 Traditional Health Practitioners Act, South Africa 159 traditional knowledge (TK) 80, 123, 136, 138, 214, 341, 376, 378 and biodiversity 155 biological resources and cultural goods 133 commercialisation 133 commons 16, 18, 134, 151 commons-based approach 380 commons pool 160 digital library initiative as defensive protection 145 exploitation of 18 legal trust mechanism 18 multi-generational 159, 380 patent applications 271 potential of commons arrangements 18–19 in production processes 114 in research 15 sui generis protection 145 TK-based agricultural products 80 TK-related IP challenges 16 trans-generational territorial 81 Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), India 134, 144 traditional medicinal knowledge 133, 375 ancestors Nkomo le Lwandle and Dlamini 157 from healer (sangoma) to apprenctice (thwasa) 157 transfer and collection systems 158 traditional society 36 trust administration rules 166 beneficiary 166–167 property 164–165 settlor 165 terms 165–166 trustee 166 Trust Property Control Act, South Africa 162–164, 166 U Uganda 59, 375 auto mechanics 387 Central Engineering Workshop, Kampala 70 Kampala 59 policy-making 72–73 see also Gatsby Garage automotive workshop Uganda Gatsby Trust (UGT) 64 Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) 65, 72–73 UK 78, 94, 118, 319–320 Copyright Acts, colonial era 213–214 Intellectual Property Office 275 IP framework 285 UN Commission on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 94, 343 Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 139 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 251–252, 256 Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 6, 47, 151 Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 252, 267, 276, 382–383 Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) 116 Office for West Africa 46 unemployment 152 unfair competition 101 Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) 214 universities 338 university-generated knowledge 317 university–industry knowledge transfer, Ethiopia 316, 329, 376, 383 university–industry linkages 385 University of Botswana (UB) 339, 342, 345 Institutional Review Board (IRB) 339 Office of Research and Development (ORD) 342 research community 342–343 University of Cape Town (UCT) 21, 282–285, 383 commercialisation and dispute resolution 295 Creative Commons (CC)-licensed learning materials 298 Intellectual Property Advisory Committee 295 ownership of IP 295 research and innovation indicators 295–296, 296 Research Contracts and IP Services office (RCIPS) 285, 296–297, 298, 299 researcher-inventor perspectives 299–300 UCT OpenContent website 298 407
Innovation & Intellectual Property University of Nairobi Institute of Development Studies (IDS) 210 University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University), South Africa 21, 282–285, 383 funding 302 IP protection strategy 304 patent filing 301–302 pharmaceutical research team 305 research and innovation indicators 300–301 researcher-inventor perspective 305–307 research-IP manager perspective 302–305 Technology Transfer Unit 302 Wits Enterprise (Wits Commercial Enterprise (Pty) Ltd) 285, 302–304, 305, 307 US Agency for International Development (USAID) 116 Digital Millennium Copyright Act 217–218 Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) 275–276, 336 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) 218 Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) 218 utilities, innovation in 38 utility models (UMs) 138, 248, 379 V value chains 82 differentiation strategies 85–88 Ethiopian coffee 83–85 Ghanaian cocoa 85 intermediaries in products 95–96 visual art and design 133 W Web of Science journal index 289 Wennekers and Thurik Model 42–43, 44 West African countries 110 White Paper on Science and Technology, South Africa 288 witchcraft 159 Witchcraft Suppression Act, South Africa 159 work policy, externally funded 309 World Bank 79, 252 World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) 276–277 World Economic Forum (WEF) 344 Global Competitiveness Report 344 World Employment Programme (WEP), ILO 48–49 mission to Kenya 48–49 World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) 3, 14, 18, 112, 143, 239, 255, 259 development agenda 3, 14, 259 Convention Establishing WIPO 340 Creative Heritage Project 145 digitisation of culture 145 digitisation of Maasai culture 135–136, 145 Diplomatic Conference, Marrakesh 3 Internet Treaties 211 Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled 3 patent databases 276 PATENTSCOPE database 276 Technology and Innovation Support Centres (TISCs) 259 WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) 211, 340 WIPO Patent Information Service (WPIS) 276 WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) 211, 340 World Trade Organisation (WTO) 2–3, 97, 110, 239, 269, 343 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement 2, 97, 117, 132–133, 211 Y youth unemployment in Africa 46–47 deficiency in skills 46 Z Zwolle principles, on scholarship and copyright management 218 408
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Innovation & Intellectual Property
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Contents Preface ..................
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Preface This book is among the key
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Preface mandated Train for Trade pr
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About the Contributors Dr Perihan A
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Chapter 2 Frameworks for Analysing
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Chapter 6 The Policy Context for a
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Chapter 10 African Patent Offices N
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Chapter 11 The State of Biofuel Inn
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Chapter 13 Effects of the South Afr
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Chapter 14 Towards University-Indus
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Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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