Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

Perspectives on Intellectual Property from Botswana’s Publicly Funded Researchers
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
20%
Exclusive
licences
Yes, use or attempted use of IP (by me or my institution)
to obtain benefit from publicy funded research (n = 53)
6%
Non-exclusive
licences
74%
16%
Research Joint ventures
agreements or
contracts
IP methods used or attempted by respondent
or respondent’s institution
4%
Establishment
of spin-off
companies
Yes
Figure 15.8: IP methods used or attempted by respondent or respondent’s institution
IP and value from publicly funded research
Also surveyed were respondents’ perceptions of the practices necessary in the IP and
research environments in order to generate value from publicly funded research.
Respondents assessed the practices on a four-point scale (1 = high; 2 = medium;
3 = low; 4 = not important). The results, in Table 15.8 (on page 361), indicate that
the most highly rated practices were: creating the right academic environment
(77.5%); innovation (66.5%); openness in sharing information from research
(58.6%); increasing funds allocated to research (55.7%); and increasing capital to
commercialise research and technology innovation (45.8%). Protection of invention
and processes (51.6%), development of effective commercialisation support
structures (50%), existence of an appropriate legal and regulatory environment for
IP (45.9%) and IP policies in universities and institutions (46%) were less important.
Benefits to the economy and society
Respondents were asked to indicate their perceptions of benefits to the economy
and society derived from publicly funded research. The responses in Figure 15.9
(on page 362) are the most highly rated benefits. Among the 186 respondents
who answered this question, the majority identified the increase in stock of useful
knowledge available for firms and other users (76%) as the most important
benefit. Other benefits cited as important were: production of skilled graduates
359