Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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Innovation, Intellectual Property and Development Narratives in Africa Tapscott, D. and Williams, A.D. (2006), Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Atlantic Books, London. The Economist (2013), “Africa rising: a hopeful continent”, in “Special report: emerging Africa”, 2 March, available at: www.economist.com/news/specialreport/21572377-african-lives-have-already-greatly-improved-over-pastdecade-says-oliver-august (accessed 12 April 2013). UN Environment Programme (UNEP) (n.d.), “Launch of UNEP-EPO-ICTSD Joint Study on Patents and Environmentally Sound Technologies,” available at: www.unep.ch/etb/initiatives/Patents_ESTs.php (accessed 12 April 2013). UN Environment Programme (UNEP) (2009), Toward Sustainable Production and Use of Resources: Assessing Biofuels, available at: www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/ pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf (accessed 12 April 2013). UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) (2010), World Science Report 2010, available at: www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-humansciences/resources/reports/world-social-science-report (accessed 12 April 2013). US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) (2000), Patent Pools: A Solution to the Problem of Access in Biotechnology Patents? available at: www.uspto.gov/web/ offices/pac/dapp/opla/patentpool.pdf (accessed 12 April 2013). Van der Heijden, K. (1996), Scenarios: Art of Strategic Conversation, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Visser, C. (2007), “International intellectual property norm setting: democratising the World Intellectual Property Organisation?” South African Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 32, pp. 222–32. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) (2003), WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-based Industries, available at: www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/creative_industry/pdf/ 893.pdf (accessed 12 April 2013). Wunsch-Vincent, S., Reynolds, T. and Wyckoff, A. (2007), “Implementing openness: an international institutional perspective”, First Monday, Vol. 12 No. 6, available at: http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/rt/ printerFriendly/1914/1796 (accessed 12 April 2013). Wong, T. and Dutfield, G. (Eds) (2011), Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Yu, P.K. (2009), “A tale of two development agendas”, Ohio Northern University Law Review, Vol. 34. 31
Chapter 2 Frameworks for Analysing African Innovation: Entrepreneurship, the Informal Economy and Intellectual Property Jeremy de Beer, Izabella Sowa and Kristen Holman Abstract This chapter reviews conceptual frameworks to understand and measure innovation, and then outlines links between innovation and the concepts of entrepreneurship, the informal economy (IE) and intellectual property (IP). The review suggests that the time is ripe for African policy-makers to seek more holistic approaches to facilitating innovation and, in turn, to fostering socio-economic development in African nations. 1. Introduction Innovation is a key driver of economic development, but the gap between socioeconomic climates that foster innovation in developed and developing countries, particularly the developing nations of Africa, is large (Aubert, 2006; GTZ, 2010). This is a problem that must be addressed. Innovation is affected by many variables, one of which is intellectual property (IP). While IP plays an especially important role in formal-sector innovation, its role in the informal economy (IE) is just beginning to be explored (De Beer et al., 2013). The existing literature on the role of intellectual property in innovation, entrepreneurship, the IE and economic development is largely disconnected, providing inadequate bases for understanding how IP does, or could, function in a manner beneficial to social and economic progress. For example, those who study or make policy on innovation usually rely on a definition in a document called the Oslo Manual, published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). The Oslo Manual defines innovation as
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Innovation & Intellectual Property
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Contents Preface ..................
Page 6 and 7: Preface This book is among the key
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Page 15 and 16: About the Contributors Dr Perihan A
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Chapter 6 The Policy Context for a
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Chapter 10 African Patent Offices N
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Chapter 11 The State of Biofuel Inn
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Chapter 13 Effects of the South Afr
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Chapter 14 Towards University-Indus
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Table 15.7: Importance of IP and ot
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Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

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