Geographical Indication (GI) options for Ethiopian Coffee and Ghanaian Cocoa

Perspectives on Intellectual Property from Botswana’s Publicly Funded Researchers
Table 15.6: Research emphasis of institutions
Type of research
conducted
Type of institution
Total
Academic
institutions PROs
Industry/
consulting firms
Government/
NGOs
Basic research 44% 50% 75% 29% 45%
Applied research 53% 86% 50% 43% 58%
47% 57% 75% 14% 48%
Literature/desk
review
Consultancy 26% 43% 50% 14% 29%
Clinical trials 1% 4% 0% 14% 2%
Epidemiological 10% 7% 0% 14% 9%
research
Evaluation research 27% 32% 25% 29% 28%
Total 79% 15% 2% 4% 100%
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
43.8%
32.4%
22.7%
1.1%
High Medium Low Negligible
%
Level of institution’s involvement in research
Figure 15.6: Perception of institution’s research involvement
156 conference/seminar presentations, 70 published conference papers, 34 book
chapters, 12 monographs and 2 books. On average only one patent was registered
each year among the 187 respondents. This value is low considering the amount
of applied research being conducted, and reflects the fact that most of the applied
research does not yield patentable outputs.
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