Local Area Networks (LANs) in Aircraft - FTP Directory Listing - FAA

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21. Dunn, J.E., “Crypto Malware Close to Being ‘Uncrackable,’” ComputerWorld, Security, July 25, 2006. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId =9001997&source=NLT_VVR&nlid=37 22. Robinson, D., “Safety Security Type Design Approval Consideration,” 2006 Software and Complex Electronic Hardware Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 28, 2006. 23. Cheswick, W., Bellovin, S., and Rubin, A., “Firewalls and Internet Security, Second Edition—Repelling the Wily Hacker,” Addison-Wesley, 2003. 24. Wang, Y. and Strider, M., “HoneyMonkeys: Active Client-Side Honeypots for Finding Web Sites That Exploit Browser Vulnerabilities,” Part of Works in Progress at the 14 th Usenix Security Symposium, Baltimore, July 31-August 5, 2005. http://www.usenix.org/events/sec05/wips/wang.pdf and http://research.microsoft.com/HoneyMonkey/ 25. Weiss, T., “Trojan Horse Captured Data on 2,300 Oregon Taxpayers From Infected Gov’t PC,” Computerworld, Government, electronic version, June 15, 2006. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId =9001222&source=NLT_VVR&nlid=37 26. Spitzner, L., Honeypots—Tracking Hackers, Addison Wesley, 2003, pp. 11-12. 27. Ward, M., “Tracking Down Hi-Tech Crime,” BBC News, Sunday, October 8, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5414502.stm 28. Osterman, M., “Malware is Getting Very Serious,” NetworkWorld Magazine, September 28, 2006. http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/gwm/2006/0925msg2.html 29. Messmer, E., “Software Vulnerabilities Already Outnumber Last Year’s,” ComputerWorld, Security, October 9, 2006. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId =9004000&source=NLT_VVR&nlid=37 30. The CERT web page as it existed on January 18, 2006. http://www.cert.org/stats/cert_stats.html 31. Dunn, J., “China Attacks U.K. Government Using Windows Security Hole,” ComputerWorld (on-line version), January 25, 2006. http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/holes/story/0,10801,108037,00.ht ml?source=NLT_VVR&nid=108037 150
32. Loscocco, P., Smalley, S., Muckelbauer, P., Taylor, R., Turner, S., and Farrell, J., “The Inevitability of Failure: The Flawed Assumption of Security in Modern Computing Environments,” Proceedings of the 31 st National Information Systems Security Conference, October, 1998, pp. 303-314. http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/papers/inevit-abs.cfm 33. Skoudis, E., Counter Hack, Prentice Hall, 2002. 34. Klevinsky ,T.J., Laliberte, S., and Gupta, A., Hack I.T., Addison-Wesley, 2002. 35. Hatch, B. and Lee, J., Hacking Linux Exposed, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2003. 36. Mourani, G., Securing and Optimizing Linux, The Hacking Solution, Third Edition, Open Network Architecture, Inc., 2002. 37. McClure, S., Scambray, J., and Kurtz, G., Hacking Exposed: Network Security Secrets and Solutions, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1999. 38. Rubin, A., White-Hat Security Arsenal: Tackling the Threats, Addison-Wesley, 2001. 39. Barrett, D., Silverman, R., and Byrnes, R., Linux Security Cookbook, O’Reilly and Associates, 2003. 40. Devanbu, P. and Stubblebine, S., “Software Engineering for Security: a Roadmap,” ICSE 2000. http://www.stubblebine.com/00icse.pdf 41. Abrams, M., “FAA System Security Testing and Evaluation,” The MITRE Corporation, MTR 02W0000059, May 2003. 42. DoD 5200.28-STD, “Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria,” (TCSEC), December 26, 1985. http://www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/library/rainbow/5200.28-STD.html 43. U.S. National Computer Security Center, “Trusted Network Interpretation of the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria,” NCSC-TG-005, Version 1, U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Meade, MD, 31 July 1987. 44. Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 1, Version 2.1, CCIMB-99-031, August 1999. 45. Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation, Part 2, Version 2.1, CCIMB-99-032, August 1999. 151
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DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 Air Traffic Organi
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1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 4. T
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5.4.2 Aircraft as a Node (MIP and M
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11.1 Findings and Recommendations 1
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22 Customer’s L3VPN Protocol Stac
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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PBN PC PE PEP PFS PIB PIM-DM PIM-SM
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This report states that the primary
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1. INTRODUCTION. This is the final
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protocol (IP)-based communications.
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of linking aircraft-resident system
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Industry and governments are extrem
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2.1 NOTIONAL NETWORKED AIRCRAFT ARC
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Other Control Sites Controller ATC
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• The security viability of curre
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alternative requires that parallel
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Aircraft network security is a syst
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4. NETWORK RISKS. This section spec
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General Threat Identifiers FAILURE
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esources so that the required real-
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“With the rise of client-side att
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• During an 11-month period (Apri
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attempt the theft of passwords. Non
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IP networks are organized in terms
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either the user or the trusted soft
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However, the previous paragraph beg
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Table 1. Internet Engineering Task
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Page 57 and 58:
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• Lightweight directory access pr
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mechanism to overcome the key distr
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Deployments that need to support mu
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Today’s Reality: Islands of Commu
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Simultaneously, IP addresses are al
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in-depth manner. Defense-in-depth m
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Protection Detection Reaction / Neu
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encrypted and then encapsulated wit
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Internet (grouping of autonomous sy
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via that same IP address. Specifica
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deployments. Regional flights that
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neighbor as a next hop after “Hol
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Interface Interface Customer Site S
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Interface Customer’s Application
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Although the vast majority of PBN s
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6. RELATING SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR
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6.1.1 Integrity. As section 4.3 ind
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As mentioned in section 4.4, the hi
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6.1.4 Confidentiality. Confidential
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their own classification level nor
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integrity is not permitted to obser
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software has been confirmed as leve
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• Both safety and security are co
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Device at Safety level X Device at
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in a Biba Integrity Model environme
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Common Criteria Classes ACM—Confi
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(see section 9.10). A secure mechan
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employed in security-critical appli
Page 115 and 116: concept, which is needed to create
Page 117 and 118: 4. Learn from past mistakes. Poor d
Page 119 and 120: exemplar airborne network architect
Page 121 and 122: • Requirement 8: Biba Integrity M
Page 123 and 124: Figure 31 shows how the recommended
Page 125 and 126: to-live (TTL) field in the IP heade
Page 127 and 128: using the traditional dual router i
Page 129 and 130: mechanism relies upon the controlle
Page 131 and 132: HAGs are high-assurance devices tha
Page 133 and 134: 8.3.5 Firewall. The firewall needs
Page 135 and 136: (AJ) or low probability of intercep
Page 137 and 138: design decisions that need to be de
Page 139 and 140: 9.2 INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS IMP
Page 141 and 142: 9.3 USING PUBLIC IPs. The model and
Page 143 and 144: alerted the pilots because the fail
Page 145 and 146: environments. If the certification
Page 147 and 148: DSS (FIPS 186 [81]). Code signing i
Page 149 and 150: elationship with other equipment in
Page 151 and 152: approach is to keep the log informa
Page 153 and 154: 11. SUMMARY. Current civilian aircr
Page 155 and 156: environments should be extended to
Page 157 and 158: 12. COTS computer systems cannot be
Page 159 and 160: 14. NAS and airborne network archit
Page 161 and 162: 22. If SWAP considerations permit,
Page 163 and 164: 11.2 TOPICS NEEDING FURTHER STUDY.
Page 165: 9. Lee, Y., Rachlin, E., and Scandu
Page 169 and 170: 59. Raisinghani, V. and Sridhar, I.
Page 171 and 172: the following is a pointer to a rel
Page 173 and 174: Department of Defense Instruction N
Page 175 and 176: Information Assurance—The Departm
Page 177 and 178: Threat source—Either (1) intent a
Page 179 and 180: information found within these data
Page 181 and 182: (HTTP) traffic (port 80), port scan
Page 183 and 184: The simple network management proto
Page 185 and 186: opportunities to crack the hosting
Page 187 and 188: authorized to perform. 13 However,
Page 189 and 190: sniffers, log-cleaning scripts, and
Page 191 and 192: A.3.1 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS. Th
Page 193 and 194: • Disclosure: Disclosure of routi
Page 195 and 196: affected by the signal intermittenc
Page 197 and 198: A-15. Barbir, A., Murphy, S., and Y
Page 199 and 200: Survey Question What is the primary
Page 201 and 202: Survey Question What is the primary
Page 203 and 204: should be emphasized that there is
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