Local Area Networks (LANs) in Aircraft - FTP Directory Listing - FAA

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NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Consult your local FAA aircraft certification office as to its use. This report is available at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center’s Full-Text Technical Reports page: actlibrary.tc.faa.gov in Adobe Acrobat portable document format (PDF).
1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 4. Title and Subtitle 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. Technical Report Documentation Page 5. Report Date NETWORKED LOCAL AREA NETWORKS IN AIRCRAFT: SAFETY, SECURITY, AND CERTIFICATION ISSUES AND INITIAL ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (PHASES 1 AND 2) November 2008 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Eric Fleischman, Randall E. Smith, and Nick Multari 9. Performing Organization Name and Address The Boeing Company P.O. Box 3707, MC 7L-49 Seattle, WA 98124-2207 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Organization Operations Planning Office of Aviation Research and Development Washington, DC 20591 15. Supplementary Notes 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFACT-05-C-00003 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report December 2004-December 2006 14. Sponsoring Agency Code AIR-120 The Federal Aviation Administration Airport and Aircraft Safety R&D Division Technical Monitor was Charles Kilgore. 16. Abstract This report presents the results of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) local area network (LAN) research effort addressing potential safety impacts introduced by LANs in aircraft. Interconnecting previously isolated components on aircraft increases the complexity of unintended interactions between components and provides potential new access points that could be exploited to cause harm. This report addresses the potential security vulnerabilities introduced by networking LANs, the safety affects of security failures, and a process for designing and certifying LANs on aircraft to ensure the safety of these new aircraft systems. This report extends the current FAA safety assurance processes into airborne networked environments by leveraging the Biba Integrity Model. It builds upon existing FAA studies that articulate mechanisms to integrate RTCA/DO-178B and common criteria processes for the National Airspace System. This approach creates a safety-oriented airborne networked architecture that is built upon existing DO-178B and Aerospace Recommended Practice 4754 safety mechanisms. This produces results that are a direct analog to existing U.S. Department of Defense policies and processes. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Local area network, Network, Aircraft safety, Aircraft security 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified 20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified This document is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161. 21. No. of Pages 204 22. Price Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
Page 1: DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 Air Traffic Organi
Page 5 and 6: 5.4.2 Aircraft as a Node (MIP and M
Page 7 and 8: 11.1 Findings and Recommendations 1
Page 9 and 10: 22 Customer’s L3VPN Protocol Stac
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 13 and 14: PBN PC PE PEP PFS PIB PIM-DM PIM-SM
Page 15 and 16: This report states that the primary
Page 17 and 18: 1. INTRODUCTION. This is the final
Page 19 and 20: protocol (IP)-based communications.
Page 21 and 22: of linking aircraft-resident system
Page 23 and 24: Industry and governments are extrem
Page 25 and 26: 2.1 NOTIONAL NETWORKED AIRCRAFT ARC
Page 27 and 28: Other Control Sites Controller ATC
Page 29 and 30: • The security viability of curre
Page 31 and 32: alternative requires that parallel
Page 33 and 34: Aircraft network security is a syst
Page 35 and 36: 4. NETWORK RISKS. This section spec
Page 37 and 38: General Threat Identifiers FAILURE
Page 39 and 40: esources so that the required real-
Page 41 and 42: “With the rise of client-side att
Page 43 and 44: • During an 11-month period (Apri
Page 45 and 46: attempt the theft of passwords. Non
Page 47 and 48: IP networks are organized in terms
Page 49 and 50: either the user or the trusted soft
Page 51 and 52: However, the previous paragraph beg
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Table 1. Internet Engineering Task
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• Lightweight directory access pr
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mechanism to overcome the key distr
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Deployments that need to support mu
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Today’s Reality: Islands of Commu
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Simultaneously, IP addresses are al
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in-depth manner. Defense-in-depth m
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Protection Detection Reaction / Neu
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encrypted and then encapsulated wit
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Internet (grouping of autonomous sy
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via that same IP address. Specifica
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deployments. Regional flights that
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neighbor as a next hop after “Hol
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Interface Interface Customer Site S
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Interface Customer’s Application
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Although the vast majority of PBN s
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6. RELATING SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR
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6.1.1 Integrity. As section 4.3 ind
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As mentioned in section 4.4, the hi
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6.1.4 Confidentiality. Confidential
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their own classification level nor
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integrity is not permitted to obser
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software has been confirmed as leve
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• Both safety and security are co
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Device at Safety level X Device at
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in a Biba Integrity Model environme
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Common Criteria Classes ACM—Confi
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(see section 9.10). A secure mechan
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employed in security-critical appli
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concept, which is needed to create
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4. Learn from past mistakes. Poor d
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exemplar airborne network architect
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• Requirement 8: Biba Integrity M
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Figure 31 shows how the recommended
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to-live (TTL) field in the IP heade
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using the traditional dual router i
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mechanism relies upon the controlle
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HAGs are high-assurance devices tha
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8.3.5 Firewall. The firewall needs
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(AJ) or low probability of intercep
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design decisions that need to be de
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9.2 INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS IMP
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9.3 USING PUBLIC IPs. The model and
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alerted the pilots because the fail
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environments. If the certification
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DSS (FIPS 186 [81]). Code signing i
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elationship with other equipment in
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approach is to keep the log informa
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11. SUMMARY. Current civilian aircr
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environments should be extended to
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12. COTS computer systems cannot be
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14. NAS and airborne network archit
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22. If SWAP considerations permit,
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11.2 TOPICS NEEDING FURTHER STUDY.
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9. Lee, Y., Rachlin, E., and Scandu
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32. Loscocco, P., Smalley, S., Muck
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59. Raisinghani, V. and Sridhar, I.
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the following is a pointer to a rel
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Department of Defense Instruction N
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Information Assurance—The Departm
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Threat source—Either (1) intent a
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information found within these data
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(HTTP) traffic (port 80), port scan
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The simple network management proto
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opportunities to crack the hosting
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authorized to perform. 13 However,
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sniffers, log-cleaning scripts, and
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A.3.1 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS. Th
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• Disclosure: Disclosure of routi
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affected by the signal intermittenc
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A-15. Barbir, A., Murphy, S., and Y
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Survey Question What is the primary
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Survey Question What is the primary
Page 203 and 204:
should be emphasized that there is
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