Local Area Networks (LANs) in Aircraft - FTP Directory Listing - FAA

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the worldwide Internet infrastructure can currently access airborne functions. This proposed target architecture alternative, by contrast, has made three very significant modifications to the current airplane design: • It has created a network within the aircraft itself that supports communications using the IP protocol family (see section 4.5). This implies that aircraft control entities logically share a common network infrastructure that is also connected to the nonessential IP network. Consequently, aircraft control entities are now theoretically connected to nonessential network entities. • The passenger Internet services have now been connected to the nonessential IP network. This means that all entities within the aircraft will be theoretically connected within the same network system. • The nonessential worldwide IP network is now connected to NAS and airline ground systems and the Internet. Specifically, aircraft control elements are shown to be in the same network system that includes the NAS entities with which they may need to communicate as well as more than one billion people worldwide with Internet connectivity today. Existing Airborne Equipment Proposed Target Airborne Equipment Aircraft Control (possibly containing an IP Network) Non-IP communication interface Non-IP communication interface Nonessential IP network Floppy Passenger Internet Services Difference 1 Difference 2 Difference 3 Aircraft Control (containing an IP Network) IP IP communication interface Nonessential IP network Passenger Internet Services Primary differences in proposed target environment: 1. Aircraft shares a common Internet protocol (IP)-based network system. 2. Passenger Services, Aircraft Control, and Airline Information Services share a common network system. 3. Specific Aircraft Control and Airline Information Services processes form distributed network relationships with NAS ground computers and, potentially, other aircraft. Airline Ground Airline Ground Systems & Systems & Internet Internet Airline Ground Systems & Internet Figure 1. Notional Networked Aircraft Architecture The FAA (ACB-250) community has provided a generic future communication system physical architecture proposal taken directly from reference 17 and is shown in figure 2, which provides greater detail about the network links of the figure 1 target alternative. 10
Other Control Sites Controller ATC Voice A Control Site E Remote Site Aircraft Avionics Pilots Crew Aircraft operator ATC Data AOC/AAC Data Public Internet B C D Control Site Equipment MMC Technicians F Remote Site Equipment MMC G G Technicians H Passengers Aircraft Pilots Avionics Crew Passengers AAC = Airline Administration Communication AOC = Airline Operational Communication ATC = Air Traffic Control MMC = Maintenance, monitor, and control Figure 2. Generic Future Communication System Physical Architecture [17] Advocates have identified undesirable security implications with the approach shown in figure 1, related to potentially exposing avionics systems to passenger devices and systems. These advocates argue that the advantages achieved by removing the historic security air gap between avionics and passenger systems cannot justify the increased risk to avionic systems posed by that connectivity. Consequently, they have identified an alternative target architecture, which is shown in figure 3. Existing Airborne Equipment Aircraft Control (possibly containing an IP Network) Non-IP communication interface Non-IP communication interface Nonessential IP network Passenger Internet Services Difference 1 Proposed Target Airborne Equipment Aircraft Control (containing an IP Network) IP IP communication interface Nonessential IP network Passenger Internet Services Primary differences in proposed target environment: 1. Aircraft Control, and Airline Information Services share a common network system. 2. Specific Aircraft Control and Airline Information Services processes form distributed network relationships with NAS ground computers by using an IP-based air-to-ground link. Floppy Difference 2 However, the air gap between the Aircraft passengers and the avionics systems remains in tact. Airline Ground Airline Ground Systems & Systems & Internet Internet Airline Ground Systems Internet Figure 3. Alternative Notional Aircraft Architecture 11
Page 1 and 2: DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 Air Traffic Organi
Page 3 and 4: 1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 4. T
Page 5 and 6: 5.4.2 Aircraft as a Node (MIP and M
Page 7 and 8: 11.1 Findings and Recommendations 1
Page 9 and 10: 22 Customer’s L3VPN Protocol Stac
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 13 and 14: PBN PC PE PEP PFS PIB PIM-DM PIM-SM
Page 15 and 16: This report states that the primary
Page 17 and 18: 1. INTRODUCTION. This is the final
Page 19 and 20: protocol (IP)-based communications.
Page 21 and 22: of linking aircraft-resident system
Page 23 and 24: Industry and governments are extrem
Page 25: 2.1 NOTIONAL NETWORKED AIRCRAFT ARC
Page 29 and 30: • The security viability of curre
Page 31 and 32: alternative requires that parallel
Page 33 and 34: Aircraft network security is a syst
Page 35 and 36: 4. NETWORK RISKS. This section spec
Page 37 and 38: General Threat Identifiers FAILURE
Page 39 and 40: esources so that the required real-
Page 41 and 42: “With the rise of client-side att
Page 43 and 44: • During an 11-month period (Apri
Page 45 and 46: attempt the theft of passwords. Non
Page 47 and 48: IP networks are organized in terms
Page 49 and 50: either the user or the trusted soft
Page 51 and 52: However, the previous paragraph beg
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Internet Engineering Task
Page 59 and 60: • Lightweight directory access pr
Page 61 and 62: mechanism to overcome the key distr
Page 63 and 64: Deployments that need to support mu
Page 65 and 66: Today’s Reality: Islands of Commu
Page 67 and 68: Simultaneously, IP addresses are al
Page 69 and 70: in-depth manner. Defense-in-depth m
Page 71 and 72: Protection Detection Reaction / Neu
Page 73 and 74: encrypted and then encapsulated wit
Page 75 and 76: Internet (grouping of autonomous sy
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via that same IP address. Specifica
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deployments. Regional flights that
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neighbor as a next hop after “Hol
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Interface Interface Customer Site S
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Interface Customer’s Application
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Although the vast majority of PBN s
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6. RELATING SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR
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6.1.1 Integrity. As section 4.3 ind
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As mentioned in section 4.4, the hi
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6.1.4 Confidentiality. Confidential
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their own classification level nor
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integrity is not permitted to obser
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software has been confirmed as leve
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• Both safety and security are co
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Device at Safety level X Device at
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in a Biba Integrity Model environme
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Common Criteria Classes ACM—Confi
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(see section 9.10). A secure mechan
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employed in security-critical appli
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concept, which is needed to create
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4. Learn from past mistakes. Poor d
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exemplar airborne network architect
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• Requirement 8: Biba Integrity M
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Figure 31 shows how the recommended
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to-live (TTL) field in the IP heade
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using the traditional dual router i
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mechanism relies upon the controlle
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HAGs are high-assurance devices tha
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8.3.5 Firewall. The firewall needs
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(AJ) or low probability of intercep
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design decisions that need to be de
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9.2 INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS IMP
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9.3 USING PUBLIC IPs. The model and
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alerted the pilots because the fail
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environments. If the certification
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DSS (FIPS 186 [81]). Code signing i
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elationship with other equipment in
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approach is to keep the log informa
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11. SUMMARY. Current civilian aircr
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environments should be extended to
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12. COTS computer systems cannot be
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14. NAS and airborne network archit
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22. If SWAP considerations permit,
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11.2 TOPICS NEEDING FURTHER STUDY.
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9. Lee, Y., Rachlin, E., and Scandu
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32. Loscocco, P., Smalley, S., Muck
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59. Raisinghani, V. and Sridhar, I.
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the following is a pointer to a rel
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Department of Defense Instruction N
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Information Assurance—The Departm
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Threat source—Either (1) intent a
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information found within these data
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(HTTP) traffic (port 80), port scan
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The simple network management proto
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opportunities to crack the hosting
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authorized to perform. 13 However,
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sniffers, log-cleaning scripts, and
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A.3.1 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS. Th
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• Disclosure: Disclosure of routi
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affected by the signal intermittenc
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A-15. Barbir, A., Murphy, S., and Y
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Survey Question What is the primary
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Survey Question What is the primary
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should be emphasized that there is
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