Local Area Networks (LANs) in Aircraft - FTP Directory Listing - FAA

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Table 1. Internet Engineering Task Force Protocol Security Features and Key Management Configuration (Continued) Protocol IPsec—RFC 4301 Internet Protocol Security Security Features Authentication, Integrity, Privacy, Replay Protection Security Algorithm Keys Key Store in Linux HMAC signed with Symmetric Keys. DES in cipher block chaining mode is the default but other algorithms/ approaches may be negotiated (e.g., by the Oakley variant of the Diffie- Hellman algorithm) Two alternatives for configuring IPsec keys: • Manual key management requires the preplacement of Symmetric Keys • Automated key management requires an Asymmetric key to serve as a basis for creating (on demand) and distributing symmetric keys via the ISAKMP (see RFC 4306). The Linux FreeS/WAN implementation permits automated key management through generating (and configuring) an RSA asymmetric key via the IPsec_RSASIGKEY utility. Alternatively, symmetric keys can be manually pre-placed within IPsec’s databases on a security association (SA)-unique or common basis. The FreeS/WAN implementation also supports the use of PKI to function as a seed key value. 40
Table 1. Internet Engineering Task Force Protocol Security Features and Key Management Configuration (Continued) Protocol TLS—RFC 2246 Transport Layer Security Note: TLS is the standardization of Netscape’s Secure Socket Layer Protocol version 3. NTP—RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol Security Features Authentication, Integrity, Privacy Integrity, Limited authentication Security Algorithm Keys Key Store in Linux Configured with an asymmetric key so that the protocol internally can compute secret keys for HMAC and privacy. Optional X.509v3 compliant digital certificates (e.g., PKI) for client/server authentication DES signing of a 64-bit packet checksum Asymmetric key (e.g., RSA, DSS) or else PKI; TLS-record protocol uses symmetric keys for authentication and privacy: HMAC-MD5, HMAC-SHA1 TLS-handshake protocol uses asymmetric keys (e.g., Diffie-Hellman, RSA, Fortessa) as a basis for exchanging symmetric keys used by the TLS-record protocol DES cipherblock chaining The PKI Server Certificate. DES keys with associated Key Identifier stored within the NTP application DHCP = Dynamic host configuration protocol BIND = Berkeley Internet name domain COPS = Common open policy service DNS = Domain Name System TSIG = Secret key transaction authentication for DNS DSS = Digital Signature Standard HMAC = Hashed message authorization code DES = Data encryption standard PIM-DM = Protocol-independent multicast-dense mode V = Version PIM-SM = Protocol-independent multicast-sparse mode ISAKMP = Internet Security Association and key management protocol MBGP = Multiprotocol extensions to border Gateway Protocol Version 4 LDAPv3 = Lightweight directory access protocol version 3 The IETF has been defining the protocols of the Internet protocol family for decades. The early Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) net protocols (i.e., IP, TCP, user datagram protocol (UDP), and the ARPA services) were defined during the 1970s when the Internet was a 41
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DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 Air Traffic Organi
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1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-08/31 4. T
Page 5 and 6: 5.4.2 Aircraft as a Node (MIP and M
Page 7 and 8: 11.1 Findings and Recommendations 1
Page 9 and 10: 22 Customer’s L3VPN Protocol Stac
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 13 and 14: PBN PC PE PEP PFS PIB PIM-DM PIM-SM
Page 15 and 16: This report states that the primary
Page 17 and 18: 1. INTRODUCTION. This is the final
Page 19 and 20: protocol (IP)-based communications.
Page 21 and 22: of linking aircraft-resident system
Page 23 and 24: Industry and governments are extrem
Page 25 and 26: 2.1 NOTIONAL NETWORKED AIRCRAFT ARC
Page 27 and 28: Other Control Sites Controller ATC
Page 29 and 30: • The security viability of curre
Page 31 and 32: alternative requires that parallel
Page 33 and 34: Aircraft network security is a syst
Page 35 and 36: 4. NETWORK RISKS. This section spec
Page 37 and 38: General Threat Identifiers FAILURE
Page 39 and 40: esources so that the required real-
Page 41 and 42: “With the rise of client-side att
Page 43 and 44: • During an 11-month period (Apri
Page 45 and 46: attempt the theft of passwords. Non
Page 47 and 48: IP networks are organized in terms
Page 49 and 50: either the user or the trusted soft
Page 51 and 52: However, the previous paragraph beg
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Internet Engineering Task
Page 55: Table 1. Internet Engineering Task
Page 59 and 60: • Lightweight directory access pr
Page 61 and 62: mechanism to overcome the key distr
Page 63 and 64: Deployments that need to support mu
Page 65 and 66: Today’s Reality: Islands of Commu
Page 67 and 68: Simultaneously, IP addresses are al
Page 69 and 70: in-depth manner. Defense-in-depth m
Page 71 and 72: Protection Detection Reaction / Neu
Page 73 and 74: encrypted and then encapsulated wit
Page 75 and 76: Internet (grouping of autonomous sy
Page 77 and 78: via that same IP address. Specifica
Page 79 and 80: deployments. Regional flights that
Page 81 and 82: neighbor as a next hop after “Hol
Page 83 and 84: Interface Interface Customer Site S
Page 85 and 86: Interface Customer’s Application
Page 87 and 88: Although the vast majority of PBN s
Page 89 and 90: 6. RELATING SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR
Page 91 and 92: 6.1.1 Integrity. As section 4.3 ind
Page 93 and 94: As mentioned in section 4.4, the hi
Page 95 and 96: 6.1.4 Confidentiality. Confidential
Page 97 and 98: their own classification level nor
Page 99 and 100: integrity is not permitted to obser
Page 101 and 102: software has been confirmed as leve
Page 103 and 104: • Both safety and security are co
Page 105 and 106: Device at Safety level X Device at
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in a Biba Integrity Model environme
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Common Criteria Classes ACM—Confi
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(see section 9.10). A secure mechan
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employed in security-critical appli
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concept, which is needed to create
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4. Learn from past mistakes. Poor d
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exemplar airborne network architect
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• Requirement 8: Biba Integrity M
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Figure 31 shows how the recommended
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to-live (TTL) field in the IP heade
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using the traditional dual router i
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mechanism relies upon the controlle
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HAGs are high-assurance devices tha
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8.3.5 Firewall. The firewall needs
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(AJ) or low probability of intercep
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design decisions that need to be de
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9.2 INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS IMP
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9.3 USING PUBLIC IPs. The model and
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alerted the pilots because the fail
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environments. If the certification
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DSS (FIPS 186 [81]). Code signing i
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elationship with other equipment in
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approach is to keep the log informa
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11. SUMMARY. Current civilian aircr
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environments should be extended to
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12. COTS computer systems cannot be
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14. NAS and airborne network archit
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22. If SWAP considerations permit,
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11.2 TOPICS NEEDING FURTHER STUDY.
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9. Lee, Y., Rachlin, E., and Scandu
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32. Loscocco, P., Smalley, S., Muck
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59. Raisinghani, V. and Sridhar, I.
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the following is a pointer to a rel
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Department of Defense Instruction N
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Information Assurance—The Departm
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Threat source—Either (1) intent a
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information found within these data
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(HTTP) traffic (port 80), port scan
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The simple network management proto
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opportunities to crack the hosting
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authorized to perform. 13 However,
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sniffers, log-cleaning scripts, and
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A.3.1 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS. Th
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• Disclosure: Disclosure of routi
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affected by the signal intermittenc
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A-15. Barbir, A., Murphy, S., and Y
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Survey Question What is the primary
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Survey Question What is the primary
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should be emphasized that there is
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