The Effects of Road Transport on Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems

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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Road</strong> <strong>Transport</strong> on Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems Prepared for By Paul Kennedy Kingett Mitchell Ltd June 1999 Updated October 2003 84914/<strong>Transport</strong><strong>Effects</strong>.doc
Page 1: The Effect
Page 5 and 6: i Table of Content
Page 7 and 8: iii 5.5.2 Settlement 54 5.5.3 Other
Page 9 and 10: v Abbreviations ACY AFDW ANT ANZECC
Page 11 and 12: 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Trans
Page 13 and 14: 3 2. TRANSPORT DERIVED CONTAMINANTS
Page 15 and 16: 5 2.3 Inorganic Contaminants 2.3.1
Page 17 and 18: 7 (
Page 19 and 20: 9 2.4.3 Brake Pads Brake pads conta
Page 21 and 22: 11 3. ROAD ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Introduc
Page 23 and 24: 13 Table 3.2 - Summary of</
Page 27 and 28: 17 organic compound contaminants in
Page 29 and 30: 19 Contaminants derived from brake
Page 31 and 32: 21 4. STORMWATER RUNOFF 4.1 Introdu
Page 33 and 34: 23 µm contributed 54.8% of
Page 35 and 36: 25 Site tail of th
Page 39 and 40: 29 and 34 mg/m 3 in stormwater from
Page 41 and 42: 31 The authors con
Page 43 and 44: 33 Stormwater transports particulat
Page 45 and 46: 35 Marsalek et al. (1997), examined
Page 47 and 48: 37 appeared in the literature in re
Page 49 and 50: 39 parameters. The
Page 51 and 52: 41 Oxygen Demanding Substances and
Page 53 and 54:
43 Data on gutter dust composition
Page 55 and 56:
45 Deposition of
Page 57 and 58:
47 residential areas, 3-5 µg/cm 2
Page 59 and 60:
49 Extraction fraction Table 5.2 -
Page 61 and 62:
51 into water. Hence concentrations
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53 A variety of ph
Page 65 and 66:
55 There also tend
Page 67 and 68:
57 6. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN FRES
Page 69 and 70:
59 The following p
Page 71 and 72:
61 composition and total suspended
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63 assessment tools has been develo
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65 monitoring is in its ability to
Page 77 and 78:
67 General Tools Fish are commonly
Page 79 and 80:
69 Criteria are values that are
Page 81 and 82:
71 Table 6.4 - Summary of</
Page 83 and 84:
73 Zealand has shown that the disso
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75 Benzathiazoles in stormwater and
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77 d) Causes of to
Page 89 and 90:
79 96 hour reproduction inhibitio
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81 identified as derived from road
Page 93 and 94:
83 Table 6.9 - Summary of</
Page 95 and 96:
85 Lead (mg/kg) Zinc (mg/kg) Upper
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87 organisms. The
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89 present in the exoskeleton. Expo
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91 mobilised and taken up into gras
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93 Notes: Sources: 2.1a,b are petro
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95 concentrations in lake sediment
Page 107 and 108:
97 Changes in sediment surface mac
Page 109 and 110:
99 Greater toxicity was present in
Page 111 and 112:
101 catchment is large (about 229 k
Page 113 and 114:
103 7.4.3 Subtidal The</str
Page 115 and 116:
105 7.4.4 Toxicity Hickey et al. (1
Page 117 and 118:
107 number of taxa
Page 119 and 120:
109 contamination. However, the ass
Page 121 and 122:
111 Table 7.2 - Trace elements in m
Page 123 and 124:
113 are derived in part from vehicl
Page 125 and 126:
115 on road surfaces have elevated
Page 127 and 128:
117 8.5 Freshwater environments In
Page 129 and 130:
119 sediments can rise above sedime
Page 131 and 132:
121 9. REFERENCES Anderson, M.; Hew
Page 133 and 134:
123 Bolton-Ritchie, L.; Chague-G<st
Page 135 and 136:
125 Dietl, C.; Reifenhauser, W.; Pe
Page 137 and 138:
127 Gadd, J.; Kennedy, P. 2000: Pre
Page 139 and 140:
129 Hrabik, T. R.; Watras, C. J. 20
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131 Lee, J. H.; Bang, K. W.; Ketchu
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133 Moncrieff, I.; Kennedy, P. 2002
Page 145 and 146:
135 Rajendram, G. 1992: Study <stro
Page 147 and 148:
137 Snelder, T. 1995: Comparison <s
Page 149 and 150:
139 Veith, G. C.; Defoe, D. L.; Ber
Page 151 and 152:
141 Yang, S. Y. N.; Connell, D. W.;
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The Effects of Road Transport on Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems

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