General Plan Update - City of Inglewood

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Chapter 5 Environmental Resources matter also forms when gases emitted from industries and motor vehicles undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere. PM 10 and PM 2.5 represent fractions of particulate matter. Inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ) refers to particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter, about one/seventh the thickness of a human hair. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 microns or less in diameter, roughly 1/28th the diameter of a human hair. Major sources of PM 10 include crushing or grinding operations; dust stirred up by vehicles traveling on roads; wood burning stoves and fireplaces; dust from construction, landfills, and agriculture; wildfires and brush/waste burning; industrial sources; windblown dust from open lands; and atmospheric chemical and photochemical reactions. PM 2.5 results from fuel combustion (from motor vehicles, power generation, and industrial facilities), residential fireplaces, and wood stoves. In addition, PM 2.5 can be formed in the atmosphere from gases, such as SO 2 , NO X , and VOC. • Nitrogen Dioxide, like ozone is not directly emitted into the atmosphere, but is formed by an atmospheric chemical reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and atmospheric oxygen. NO and NO 2 are collectively referred to as nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and are major contributors to ozone formation. Nitrogen oxides are commonly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as in internal combustion engines (both gasoline- and diesel-powered), as well as point sources, especially power plants. Of the seven types of nitrogen oxide compounds, NO 2 is the most abundant in the atmosphere. As ambient concentrations of NO 2 are related to traffic density, commuters in heavy traffic may be exposed to higher concentrations of NO 2 than those indicated by regional monitors. • Sulfur Dioxide enters the atmosphere as a pollutant mainly as a result of burning high sulfur-content fuel oils and coal and from chemical processes occurring at chemical plants and refineries. When sulfur dioxide oxidizes in the atmosphere, it forms sulfates (SO 4 ). Together, these pollutants are referred to as sulfur oxides (SO X ). • Lead occurs in the atmosphere as particulate matter. The combustion of leaded gasoline is the primary source of airborne lead in the Basin. The use of leaded gasoline is no longer permitted for on-road motor vehicles so most such combustion emissions are associated with off-road vehicles such as racecars. Other sources of lead include the manufacturing and recycling of batteries, paint, ink, ceramics, ammunition, and secondary lead smelters. • Toxic Air Contaminants refer to a diverse group of air pollutants that are capable of causing chronic (i.e., of long duration) and acute (i.e., severe but of short duration) adverse effects on human health. They include both organic and inorganic chemical substances that may be emitted from a variety of common sources, including gasoline stations, motor vehicles, dry cleaners, industrial operations, painting operations, and research and teaching facilities. TACs are different than “criteria pollutants” in that ambient air quality standards have not been established for TACs, largely because there are hundreds of air toxics and their effects on health tend to be localized rather than regional. Health Effects of Pollutants Exposure to air pollution causes a variety of health issues. Some air pollutants result in chronic (i.e., of long duration) or acute (i.e., severe but of short duration). In some cases, 5.6-6 City of Inglewood General Plan Update Technical Background Report
5.6 Air Quality exposure to air pollution may cause cancer. The health effects of the criteria pollutants, as well as TACs, are briefly described below. • Ozone can cause numerous health effects. It interferes with lung function and can cause pain and discomfort at low concentrations. Health effects of ozone include chest pain, coughing, wheezing, pulmonary and nasal congestion, and labored breathing. Studies have also linked O 3 exposure to reduced resistance to infections. • Carbon Monoxide competes with oxygen, often replacing it in the blood, thus reducing the blood’s ability to transport oxygen to vital organs. The results of excess CO exposure can be dizziness, fatigue, and impairment to central nervous system functions. • Suspended Particulate Matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) pose a greater health risk than largersize particles. When inhaled, these tiny particles can penetrate the human respiratory system’s natural defenses and damage the respiratory tract. PM 10 and PM 2.5 can increase the number and severity of asthma attacks, cause or aggravate bronchitis and other lung diseases, and reduce the body’s ability to fight infections. Very small particles of substances, such as lead, sulfates, and nitrates can cause lung damage directly. These substances can be absorbed into the blood stream and cause damage elsewhere in the body. These substances can transport absorbed gases, such as chlorides or ammonium, into the lungs and cause injury. Whereas, particles 2.5 to 10 microns in diameter tend to collect in the upper portion of the respiratory system, particles 2.5 microns or less are so tiny that they can penetrate deeper into the lungs and damage lung tissues. • Nitrogen Dioxide acts mainly as an irritant affecting the mucosa of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Extremely high-dose exposure (as in a building fire) to NO 2 may result in pulmonary edema and diffuse lung injury. Continued exposure to high NO 2 levels can contribute to the development of acute or chronic bronchitis. Low-level NO 2 exposure may cause increased bronchial reactivity in some asthmatics, decreased lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and increased risk of respiratory infections, especially in young children. • Sulfur Dioxide is an irritant gas that can affect the respiratory system, the functions of the lungs, and irritate our eyes. When sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract it causes coughing, mucus secretion, aggravates conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, and makes people more prone to respiratory tract infections. Sulfur dioxide can attach itself to particles and, if these particles are inhaled, they can cause more serious effects. • Lead exposure may result in gastrointestinal disturbances, anemia, kidney disease, and in severe cases, neuromuscular and neurological dysfunction. Of particular concern are low-level lead exposures during infancy and childhood. Such exposures are associated with decrements in neurobehavioral performance including intelligence quotient performance, psychomotor performance, reaction time, and growth. • Toxic Air Contaminant exposure can cause or contribute to cancer or noncancer health effects such as birth defects, genetic damage, and other adverse health effects. Effects may be chronic or acute on human health. Acute health effects are attributable to sudden exposure to high quantities of air toxics. These effects City of Inglewood General Plan Update Technical Background Report 5.6-7
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City of August 2006 General Plan Up
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Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction ...
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Contents Figure 2.3-12 City of Ingl
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Contents Table 2.3-26 City of Ingle
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Chapter 1 Introduction Table 1-1 El
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan REGI
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CHAPTER 2 Community Development Thi
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan EXIS
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Chapter 2 Community Development Nor
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Chapter 2 Community Development not
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Chapter 2 Community Development Mos
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Chapter 2 Community Development Man
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Chapter 2 Community Development por
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Chapter 2 Community Development Ind
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Chapter 2 Community Development The
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Chapter 2 Community Development res
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2.1 Land Use Commercial Existing lo
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W 64TH ST S LA CIENEGA BLVD S ASH A
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2.1 Land Use Chili’s. An estimate
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Chapter 2 Community Development Flo
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2.2 Housing 2.2 HOUSING This sectio
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2.2 Housing Age and Condition of Ho
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2.2 Housing Table 2.2-6 Apartment R
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2.2 Housing Table 2.2-8 Housing Pro
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2.2 Housing Table 2.2-30 RHNA Const
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2.2 Housing The zoning classificati
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2.2 Housing to an eligible househol
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2.3 Economic Trends and Conditions
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CHAPTER 3 Infrastructure This chapt
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan WATE
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure Groundwate
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure Table 3.1-
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure suppliers
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3.2 Sewer and Wastewater 3.2 SEWER
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan SEWE
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure City of In
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure There are
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3.3 Storm Drains NPDES Permit Progr
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3.3 Storm Drains National Pollutant
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure Waste Mana
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3.5 Electricity 3.5 ELECTRICITY Thi
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3.6 Natural Gas 3.6 NATURAL GAS Thi
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3.7 Telecommunications 3.7 TELECOMM
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3.8 Circulation 3.8 CIRCULATION The
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3.8 Circulation The following stree
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K AREEM CT CITY of INGLEWOOD Genera
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure City-Owned
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure operating
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S R E DF E R N AV AL L E Y N OAK S
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Chapter 3 Infrastructure Hawthorne/
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3.8 Circulation • Arbor Vitae Str
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan CITY
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CHAPTER 4 Community Services This c
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4.1 Schools Table 4.1-1 Public Scho
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N MARKET ST S MARKET ST CULLEN WY S
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Chapter 4 Community Services Langua
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Chapter 4 Community Services • Mo
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Chapter 4 Community Services Distri
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Chapter 4 Community Services upgrad
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4.2 Recreation and Parks 4.2 RECREA
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan PARK
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Chapter 4 Community Services Table
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Chapter 4 Community Services The In
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Chapter 4 Community Services need f
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Chapter 4 Community Services and pr
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4.3 Library Services 4.3 LIBRARY SE
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CITY of INGLEWOOD General Plan LIBR
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Page 191 and 192: 5.1 Biological Resources California
Page 193 and 194: 5.2 Hydrology and Water Quality 5.2
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Page 249 and 250: CHAPTER 6 Community Safety and Haza
Page 251 and 252: 6.1 Geology, Soils, and Mineral Res
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Page 255 and 256: 6.2 Seismic Hazards Table 6.2-1 Rel
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6.6 Police Services 26 seconds; day
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6.6 Police Services Future Demands
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Chapter 6 Community Safety and Haza
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6.7 Fire Services Fire and Medical
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6.8 Emergency Preparedness 6.8 EMER
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6.8 Emergency Preparedness When loc
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6.8 Emergency Preparedness necessar
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6.8 Emergency Preparedness by the G
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6.8 Emergency Preparedness Local As
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6.9 Noise The noise levels were mea
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6.9 Noise Table 6.9-3 Roadway Segme
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6.9 Noise Table 6.9-4 Land Use Cate
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6.9 Noise Table 6.9-6 Exterior Nois
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CHAPTER 7 Synthesis of Planning Iss
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Chapter 7 Synthesis of Planning Iss
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CONTENTS TABLES ...................
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TABLES 2-1 Population Trends: 1990-
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FIGURES 1-1 City of Inglewood and S
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Beach Port, local and regional conn
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• Finance, Insurance and Real Est
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Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgr
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Figure 1-1 City of Inglewood and Su
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Chapter 2 - COMMUNITY OVERVIEW This
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Population Growth from 2000 to 2005
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Table 2-3 Housing Tenure: 1990-2000
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Age of Housing Stock • As shown i
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2.5 Overcrowding • Overcrowding i
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Figure 2-4 Race and Ethnicity: 2000
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Figure 2-5 Age Distributions in Ing
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Figure 2-6 AA Degree and Above in C
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Comparative Unemployment Rates •
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2.10 Household Income • As shown
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2.11 Projected Population, Househol
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Figure 2-9 Projected Population and
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Table 3-1 City of Inglewood Employm
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Figure 3-2 City of Inglewood Servic
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Figure 3-3 City of Inglewood Averag
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Table 3-4 City of Inglewood Distrib
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Table 3-5 City of Inglewood Distrib
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3.5 City of Inglewood Compared with
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Figure 4-1 City of Inglewood Taxabl
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4.4 Comparative Taxable Retail Sale
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4.5 City of Inglewood Retail Leakag
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Table 4-5 City of Inglewood Retail
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Chapter 5 - Real Estate Trends 5.1
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Year Table 5-2 City of Inglewood Re
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Condominiums • As shown in Table
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Chapter 6- LOCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC
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6.3 Hollywood Park • The Hollywoo
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Appendix Table A-2 Self Employment
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Appendix B Common Name Southwestern
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Appendix B Common Name Beach specta
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Appendix C Facilities on LUFT List
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General Plan Update - City of Inglewood

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