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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.26 A ramp down concrete end treatment is used to terminate a concrete profile barrier in locations where speed limit is 50 km/h or less and space is limited. For speed limit greater than this, flare end treatment or crash cushion may be considered. Criteria for the Provision of Safety Barrier Fences 3.9.3.27 The following criteria should be taken into account when considering the provision of safety barrier fences: (i) (ii) Barrier fences should always be provided to protect the supports of overbridges, gantries or other structures that might collapse with catastrophic effects if struck by an errant vehicle. However, lighting columns on roads with a design speed or speed limit of 50 km/h or less, and traffic signs on single posts are not included in this category. Barrier fences should normally be provided on dual carriageway roads with a speed limit or design speed of 70 km/h or greater where: (a) (b) (c) (d) the road is on an embankment which is 3 m or more in height; or the road is on a retaining wall which is 2 m or more in height; or the central reservation is less than 3 m in width; or the road is adjacent to another road, a railway or a permanent body of water more than 0.5 m deep. (iii) Barrier fences may be provided on single carriageway roads with a speed limit or design speed greater than 50 km/h and dual carriageway roads with a speed limit or design speed less than 70 km/h where: (a) the horizontal radius is at or less than the minimum radii for 10% superelevation given in Table 3.3.3.1 of this Chapter; or (b) (c) (d) (e) the road is on an embankment or a retaining wall which is greater than 1.5 m in height; or the central reservation is less than 3 in wide; or the road is adjacent to another road, a railway or a permanent body of water more than 0.5 m deep. Barrier fences should not normally be provided on single carriageway roads with a speed limit or design speed of 50 km/h unless hazardous circumstances prevail such as steep slope or retaining wall adjacent to the road, or sharp bend. 3.9.3.28 Barrier fences should not be placed behind kerbs or on side slopes steeper than 1:6 to avoid errant vehicles mounting the barrier fences and thereby affecting the performance of the barrier fences.
T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.29 A distance of at least 1000 mm from the traffic face of safety fence or 600 mm from the back of post whichever is greater should be provided for any corrugated beam barrier fences erected adjacent to the edge of a downhill slope or a retaining wall to allow the dynamic deflection of the fences during the impact. It is stressed that if kerbs are present, it is desirable to set the barrier face in the same line as the kerbline. Otherwise, additional dynamic deflection should be allowed. 3.9.3.30 For an uphill slope, the height and slope angle are the factors determining whether barrier should be provided in front of the slope. In the comparison of the severity of vehicular impacts with slope to that with safety fences, Roadside Design Guide suggested that safety fences should be provided for less severity when the slope angle is greater than 20° and the slope height is greater than 3 m. 3.9.3.31 If no barrier fence is provided in front of an uphill slope, attention should be given to ensure that the slope surface within a height of 1000 mm from the adjacent pavement should be smooth. 3.9.3.32 Dynamic deflection varies according to the impact speed, impact angle and the characteristics of the barrier fences. For an impact angle between 20° and 25°, Table 3.9.3.1 gives the minimum distance to the hazard. Table 3.9.3.1 Dynamic Deflection for Various Barrier Types and Speeds Barrier type/Speed Distance between back of post and obstacle 80km/h 90km/h lOOkm/h HOkm/h W-beam barrier with posts spaced at 2 m centres 1.2m 1.3m 1.4m 1.6m Standard/Modified Thriebeam barrier with posts spaced at 2 m centres 0.5m 0.7m 0.9m l.lm 3.9.3.33 The effective safety fences should be extended far enough upstream and downstream to prevent errant vehicles from hitting the hazardous object. 3.9.3.34 The safety fence may be flared so that they are installed away from the kerbline as it approaches its terminal. The flaring of safety fence has several purposes as follows: (i) (ii) The total length of safety fences can be reduced. The safety fences can be located further away from the travel lanes. 3.9.3.35 The disadvantage of flared fences is that the greater the flare rate, the higher the angle at which an errant vehicle can hit. Also, greater flare rate will increase the possibility of an impacting vehicle being redirected back into or across the carriageway following an impact. This situation is especially undesirable on two way carriageway where the impact vehicle could be redirected into on-coming traffic.
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§ • abc (*H#28572048 SHU ' 1999/
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Transport Planning & Design Manual
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T.P.D.M.V.2.1 - ' »1 PURPOSE 1 -1
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VOLUME1jTUNNELS Chapters 1. Introdu
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Section Con
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) 2.1 Referen
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.1
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.1
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Distance be
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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T P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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MINIMUM KERB TO KERB CLEARANCE MINI
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MINIMUM KERB CLEARANCE TO KERB MINI
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MINIMUM WALL TO WALL CLEARANCE MINI
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 BUS DAIMLER FL££TUN
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T P n Twf V 7 T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/20
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/200
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) 2.4 Design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (A 1/2001) 2.4.2 Esti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 2.4.3 Peak Hourly Flo
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Revised in December 2001 TRANSPORT
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7 Pedestr
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Diagrams 3.
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 22. Providin
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33 Road Alig
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33.2 Design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) For Radii b
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Table 3.3.4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (b) For 80
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T.PJD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.3.7 Verti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33.8 Climbi
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tft D.M,V. 2.J 10Q1 'Read Arrows'tr
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T,R0,H*V. 23 mOoubit contiimqys whi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 0 10,000 20,000 3WJQO
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T.P.D.M.V.23 (Al/2001) 3.4. The Roa
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.2.7 The
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.4 Widen
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TYPE A TYPE FOR LIGHT AND MEDIUM GO
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.7 Centr
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.7.13 Isl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.9 Verge
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (vi) there
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.11 Foot
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (vi) Advice
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (A1/2001) 7SO OR 1Q O
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T.RD.M.V. rwwi¥f«%i ** SE6 SEOTtQ
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.9.4 For shadow is
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*3»10 Left TurningL
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^•3*12 Traffic Isla
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.14 Corner Badil 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4,3*16 Recommended La
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 Diagram No. 4.3.16.8
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T*P.D*M.V.2.4 (v) For left hand spl
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T. P.D M V 24 3.65 CE=E 3.65- 1s25t
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T. P.D.M V.2.4 Keep Leff sign Keep
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T. P D M V 24 Compound curve for di
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T. P. D.M V.2 4 ^ —-• — —"
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T. P.D.M.V 24 1:20 taper RIGHT/LEFT
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T. P.D.M.V.2.4 1*25 taper 1 Diagram
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T P D M V 24 125 taper •UphiU gra
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T.P.D.M*V*2.4 Signal Controlled Jun
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4.5.2 Normal Roundabouts 4.5.2.1 No
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NORMAL ROUNDABOUT T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. T
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T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. CONTIGUOUS DOUBLE R
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4. TWO BRIDGE ROUNDABOU
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TP.D.M.V 2.4. STRAIGHT SECTION PROV
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T.P.D«M.V*2.4 4*5.8 Pedestrian t C
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T.P.D.M.7.2JI 4*5.9*** The predicti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.11 Visibility 4.5
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DESIRABLE/MINIMUM VISIBILITY DISTAN
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T.P.O.M.V. 2 .4. HALF LANE WIDTH DI
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T.RD.M.V.2.4. MINIMUM AREA OVER WHI
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 in the entry as shown
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.P.O.M.V.2>. ENTRY DEFLECTION ACHIE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5*13 Roundabout Exi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*5.15 Inscribed Circ
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.16 Segregated Lef
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Note:- This is not a recommendation
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.17 Superelevation
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(b) DIVIDING CIRCULATORY CARRIAGEWA
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T.P.DJM.V.2.4 4.5.18 Signing and Li
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T.P.B.M.7.2.4 4.6 Grade Separated J
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T.P.D.M.7.2.4 4.6.2.7 The Partial C
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4*6*3 Siting of Grade Separated Jun
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4,6.5 General Layout Requirements 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^6* 7 Slip Roads 4.6.
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*6.7.12 The width of
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T.P.O.M.V.2.4. FIG. A 100 EDGE LINE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.6.8.7 The method of
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 downstream. The layou
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DIRECT ENTRY MERGING UN£ (TYPES 2
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T.P.D.H.V. 2.4 TO SUIT SITE ADDITIO
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T*P*D.M.V.2.4 4.6.9*7 The design fl
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I.P.O.M.V.2.
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T,P*D.M*V.2*4 4.6.10 Weaving Sectio
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44-
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 1 ! Calculat
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 If right and left tur
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4» Applying the stre
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 The toui parts of dmw
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 2 Calculatio
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 D=the inscribed circl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.H (v) The vehicle proce
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4. Using these design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 3 Examples o
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T*P*D*M.V.2.4 The average gradient
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.1 References 1. Ch
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.3 Petrol
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 53.2 Layou
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4 Additional Speed
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.43 Road
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) (vii) With
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1 R D. M, V. 2.5 Edge of Carriagewa
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.4 Tran
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.5.8 Us
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4.6.11 As with rum
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.5.2 Gene
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2 Aspe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2.12 W
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.3.3 Tr
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.DJVLV.2.6 (Al/2002) Diagrams 6.
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.2 Introduc
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63 Expresswa
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.2 Horizon
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NOTES 1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS
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1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS AND MA
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) CENTRAL RES
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) •FACE OF
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10&Q BOUMQA8Y FENCE 1 38UNQARY FENC
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) v) earth mou
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.3,4 Draina
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T.RD.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.6 Juncti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) DIRECT ENTR
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MIN. LANE WIDTH 3.7m ISLAND WIDTH 2
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) 70 NOSE DIR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) 130 70 NOSE
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 6.4 Permanent Signs an
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) i l FOR 2 L
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.1.10 Det
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T.PD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.2 Direct
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) (a) Layout
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.43 Chaina
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TJP.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.4.7 In
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T.P.D.MV.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.6 Maintena
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) BEARS MINOR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.7.2.9 Whe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6,8.2 Acti
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