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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.36 The detailed design for the required length of safety fence to shield the hazard can be referred to Roadside Design Guide and Road Design Guide. 3.9.3.37 As a rough guide based on the recommendations from the above references, Table 3.9.3.2 shows the suggested flare rates for safety fence. Table 3.9.3.2 Suggested Flare Rates (1 :x) for Safety Fence Speed Limit Flare rate for safety fence beyond shy line Weak post system with compacted earth footing Strong post system with concrete footing Flare rate for safety fence inside shy line 110 15 20 30 100 15 20 30 90 12 16 25 80 11 15 21 70 10 12 18 60 10 10 16 50 10 10 15 Clearance between Barrier Fences and Carriageway 3.9.3.38 The horizontal clearance of barrier fences from carriageway should follow the requirements set out in Section 3.5.2 of this chapter. 3.9.3.39 Concrete profile barrier should not be set back more than 3500 mm from the edge of the carriageway to reduce the severity of impacts occurring at high angles. Parapet 3.9.3.40 A parapet is a structural component installed along the edge of a bridge or similar structure intended to prevent vehicles or pedestrians from falling off. For types, details and uses of parapets, refer to Chapter 15 of the Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways.
T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.4 Crash Cushions 3.9.4.1 Where fixed objects cannot be removed, relocated or shielded by longitudinal barrier, crash cushions may be provided to slow down a vehicle to a safe stop for head-on impacts or redirect a vehicle away from the fixed object for side impacts so that the potential for serious injury to its occupants is eliminated. 3.9.4.2 Most crash cushions perform their functions by the principle of kinetic energy absorption or momentum transfer. Some crash cushions use a combination of these principles. 3.9.4.3 Different types of crash cushions possess different functions. The crash cushion type which suits Hong Kong most shall be able to withstand head-on, side-angle and reverse-angle impacts up to the design speed that the crash cushion can withstand. The design speed shall be taken to be the posted speed limit plus additional safety margin speed of 10 km/h to take into account the possible speeding of a vehicle. Furthermore, the crash cushion shall be able to perform the following characteristics: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The crash cushion shall not allow the impacting vehicle to pass through the attenuator when it is struck at an angle on the front or "nose" to avoid the potential for secondary impacts. It shall redirect vehicle in all designed side impacts on the unit at angles not exceeding 20° back to the originally travelled direction at no greater than 60% of the impact angle to avoid the potential for secondary accidents with vehicle travelling in adjacent travel lane. The crash cushion shall be designed to be free from any protruding elements that may cause an errant vehicle to change direction in an uncontrolled phenomenon that will increase the potential for secondary accidents. It shall also possess anti-climb characteristics to ensure that impacting vehicle will not roll over the system. 3.9.4.4 To ensure a crash cushion type satisfies the above required characteristics, it shall meet the evaluation criteria of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 of U.S.A. for different test levels 1 (50 km/h), 2 (70km/h) and 3 (100 km/h). The crash cushion must be compliant with three dynamic performance evaluation criteria that are structural adequacy, occupant risk and post-impact vehicular trajectory. 3.9.4.5 The crash cushion so chosen should be wide enough to shield the ends of median barriers or other hazardous objects. 3.9.4.6 A transition section is needed between the back of the system and the barrier when the crash cushion cannot be attached directly to a median barrier or there exists a gap of greater than or equal to 500 mm wide between them. Such transition section should also be provided if the median barrier terminates in sloping end. 3.9.4.7 The road surface on which the crash cushion is installed must be free from kerbs. The path between the carriageway and the crash cushion should be clear of any obstruction or irregularities. In addition, for structures, they should be placed free of joints. 3.9.4.8 Retroreflective sheeting should be provided on the nosing of the crash cushion barrier to make it more conspicuous at night and during inclement weather.
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§ • abc (*H#28572048 SHU ' 1999/
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Transport Planning & Design Manual
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T.P.D.M.V.2.1 - ' »1 PURPOSE 1 -1
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VOLUME1jTUNNELS Chapters 1. Introdu
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Section Con
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) 2.1 Referen
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.1
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.1
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Distance be
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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T P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) Table 2.2.2
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MINIMUM KERB TO KERB CLEARANCE MINI
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MINIMUM KERB CLEARANCE TO KERB MINI
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MINIMUM WALL TO WALL CLEARANCE MINI
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 BUS DAIMLER FL££TUN
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T P n Twf V 7 T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/20
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/200
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (Al/2001) 2.4 Design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 (A 1/2001) 2.4.2 Esti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.2 2.4.3 Peak Hourly Flo
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Revised in December 2001 TRANSPORT
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7 Pedestr
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Diagrams 3.
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 22. Providin
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33 Road Alig
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33.2 Design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) For Radii b
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Table 3.3.4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (b) For 80
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T.PJD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.3.7 Verti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 33.8 Climbi
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tft D.M,V. 2.J 10Q1 'Read Arrows'tr
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T,R0,H*V. 23 mOoubit contiimqys whi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 0 10,000 20,000 3WJQO
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T.P.D.M.V.23 (Al/2001) 3.4. The Roa
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.2.7 The
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.4 Widen
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TYPE A TYPE FOR LIGHT AND MEDIUM GO
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.7 Centr
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.7.13 Isl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.9 Verge
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (vi) there
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.4.11 Foot
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (vi) Advice
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (A1/2001) 7SO OR 1Q O
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T.RD.M.V. rwwi¥f«%i ** SE6 SEOTtQ
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T.RD.M.V, 2,3 (A1/2001) oaa, VIR6E
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*3»10 Left TurningL
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^•3*12 Traffic Isla
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.14 Corner Badil 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4,3*16 Recommended La
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 Diagram No. 4.3.16.8
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T*P.D*M.V.2.4 (v) For left hand spl
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T. P.D M V 24 3.65 CE=E 3.65- 1s25t
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T. P.D.M V.2.4 Keep Leff sign Keep
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T. P D M V 24 Compound curve for di
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T. P. D.M V.2 4 ^ —-• — —"
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T. P.D.M.V 24 1:20 taper RIGHT/LEFT
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T. P.D.M.V.2.4 1*25 taper 1 Diagram
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T P D M V 24 125 taper •UphiU gra
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T.P.D.M*V*2.4 Signal Controlled Jun
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4.5.2 Normal Roundabouts 4.5.2.1 No
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NORMAL ROUNDABOUT T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. T
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T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. CONTIGUOUS DOUBLE R
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4. TWO BRIDGE ROUNDABOU
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TP.D.M.V 2.4. STRAIGHT SECTION PROV
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T.P.D«M.V*2.4 4*5.8 Pedestrian t C
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T.P.D.M.7.2JI 4*5.9*** The predicti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.11 Visibility 4.5
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DESIRABLE/MINIMUM VISIBILITY DISTAN
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T.P.O.M.V. 2 .4. HALF LANE WIDTH DI
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T.RD.M.V.2.4. MINIMUM AREA OVER WHI
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 in the entry as shown
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.P.O.M.V.2>. ENTRY DEFLECTION ACHIE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5*13 Roundabout Exi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*5.15 Inscribed Circ
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.16 Segregated Lef
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Note:- This is not a recommendation
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.17 Superelevation
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(b) DIVIDING CIRCULATORY CARRIAGEWA
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T.P.DJM.V.2.4 4.5.18 Signing and Li
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T.P.B.M.7.2.4 4.6 Grade Separated J
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T.P.D.M.7.2.4 4.6.2.7 The Partial C
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4*6*3 Siting of Grade Separated Jun
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4,6.5 General Layout Requirements 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^6* 7 Slip Roads 4.6.
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*6.7.12 The width of
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T.P.O.M.V.2.4. FIG. A 100 EDGE LINE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.6.8.7 The method of
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 downstream. The layou
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DIRECT ENTRY MERGING UN£ (TYPES 2
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T.P.D.H.V. 2.4 TO SUIT SITE ADDITIO
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T*P*D.M.V.2.4 4.6.9*7 The design fl
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I.P.O.M.V.2.
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T,P*D.M*V.2*4 4.6.10 Weaving Sectio
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44-
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 1 ! Calculat
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 If right and left tur
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4» Applying the stre
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 The toui parts of dmw
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 2 Calculatio
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 D=the inscribed circl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.H (v) The vehicle proce
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4. Using these design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 3 Examples o
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T*P*D*M.V.2.4 The average gradient
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.1 References 1. Ch
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.3 Petrol
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 53.2 Layou
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4 Additional Speed
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.43 Road
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) (vii) With
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1 R D. M, V. 2.5 Edge of Carriagewa
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.4 Tran
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.5.8 Us
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4.6.11 As with rum
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.5.2 Gene
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2 Aspe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2.12 W
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.3.3 Tr
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.DJVLV.2.6 (Al/2002) Diagrams 6.
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.2 Introduc
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63 Expresswa
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.2 Horizon
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NOTES 1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS
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1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS AND MA
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) CENTRAL RES
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) •FACE OF
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10&Q BOUMQA8Y FENCE 1 38UNQARY FENC
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) v) earth mou
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.3,4 Draina
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T.RD.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.6 Juncti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) DIRECT ENTR
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MIN. LANE WIDTH 3.7m ISLAND WIDTH 2
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) 70 NOSE DIR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) 130 70 NOSE
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 6.4 Permanent Signs an
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) i l FOR 2 L
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.1.10 Det
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T.PD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.2 Direct
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) (a) Layout
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.43 Chaina
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TJP.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.4.7 In
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T.P.D.MV.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.6 Maintena
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) BEARS MINOR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.7.2.9 Whe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6,8.2 Acti
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