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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.3.4 Transitional Design 3.3.4.1 Superelevation should not be introduced, nor adverse camber removed, so gradually as to create large almost flat areas of carriageway, nor so sharply as to cause discomfort or to kink the edge of the carriageway. Generally, the carriageway edge profiles should not vary in grade by more then 1%, and to ensure satisfactory drainage, a minimum longitudinal gradient of 0.67% should be maintained through the transitional area. However, in some difficult areas, even the above requirements can cause drainage problems, and it may be necessary to increase the variation in grade of the edge profile, or apply a rolling crown in a similar manner to that required for a level or near level road. 3.3.4.2 In general, the transition curve to be used is clothoid, as described in the Highway Transition curve tables (metric) compiled by the County Surveyors Society (1963). Under normal design conditions, it should be possible to apply the superelevation within the transition length, and satisfy the dual criteria that: (i) The superelevation should be applied so that the difference in grade of the two edge profiles does not exceed 1%; and (ii) The maximum rate of change of centripetal acceleration does not exceed 0.3m/sec 3 . However, it will frequently be impractical to achieve such long transitional designs in the dense constraints of Hong Kong, as these criteria tend to force contiguous curves apart, and severely restrict the ability of the road to conform to alignment constraints. 3.3.4.3 On elevated structures where the use of clothoid transitions may create difficulties with complex geometry it may be suitable to adopt a circular curve in place of the clothoid transition provided it can be clearly demonstrated that there would be no significant difference in alignment. 3.3.4.4 The basic transition length shall be derived from the following formula: L = V 3 /(46.7qR) where L = Length of transition (m) V = Design speed (km/h) q = Rate of increase of centripetal acceleration (m/sec j ) travelling along curve at constant speed V R = Radius of curve (m) 3.3.4.5 Table 3.3.4.1 illustrates the transition length requirements for the various curve radii, together with the appropriate shift. Transition lengths of 1.4V (where V = design speed km/h) or higher will often place severe limitations in areas of difficulty, and it will be necessary to increase the rate of change of centripetal acceleration to 0.6 or even higher where low radius curves occur in close proximity. At the same time, especially on multilane highways, it will often not be possible to introduce the superelevation as gradually as 1% within the transition, and it may be necessary to increase the variation in edge profile to 1 % or even 2%. 3.3.4.6 For ease of design and setting out, the County Surveyors Society Tables provide a range of transitional spirals and it will be appropriate to adopt the spiral with the nearest RL value to that required by Table 3.3.4.1.
T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Table 3.3.4.1 Transition Lengths Radius R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 Rl 0.3m/sec 3 0.7V(0.2m) lV(0.6m) 1.4V(1.7m) 2V(4.7m) 2.8V(13.3m) 4V(37.8m) Rate of Change of Centripetal Acceleration (with Shift in Bracket) 0.43m/sec 3 0.7V(0.3m) lV(0.85m) 1.4V(2.4m) 2V(6.7m) 2.8V(18.8m) 0.6m/sec 3 0.7V(0.4m) lV(1.2m) 1.4V(3.4m) 2V(9.4m) 0.86m/sec 3 0.7V(0.6m) lV(1.7m) 1.4V(4.7m) Design Speed km/h RL Values 120 123000 86000 62000 43000 100 71000 50000 36000 25000 85 44000 31000 22000 15000 80 37000 26000 18000 13000 70 25000 17000 12500 8500 60 15000 11000 7500 5500 50 9000 6250 4500 3125 3.3.4.7 3.3.4.8 For radii greater than R7, the normal transition designed for 0.3m/sec 3 will be insignificant and not generally required. However, where crossfall is being reversed from the adjacent curve, it may be suitable to provide a transition to apply the superelevation change. In such circumstances, longer transitions than normal will often be required to suit the superelevation design. Progressive superelevation or removal of adverse camber should be achieved over or within the length of the transition curve from the curve end. Where a transition curve is not provided, approximately two thirds of the superelevation should be introduced on the approach, and the remainder at the beginning of the curve.
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§ • abc (*H#28572048 SHU ' 1999/
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Transport Planning & Design Manual
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.6.2 Locati
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T.RD.M.V.2.3 LOT BOUNDARY PRIVATE E
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 t N X X X «. I B VIS
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) (c) (d) Nee
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.2 At-Gr
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.3 Zebra
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 GJVE WAY UNE o 4U «4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.3.11 De
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.4.10 Th
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.6 Uncon
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T.PD.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.7.7 Tabl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 Maitfri Cyefe Trade T
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) Table 3.7.7
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.7.8 Escal
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T.P.D.M.V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.8.2 Provi
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.8.3.9 No
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9 Railin
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.2.9 Ra
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3 Barr
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T.PD.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.8 The
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.26 A
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.3.36 T
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T.PD.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.9.4.9 Sin
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.10.2 Roa
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) TUNNEL iim
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.11 Singl
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.11.4 Hor
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.11.7 Min
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T.P.D.M. V.2.3 (Al/2001) 3.1 L9 Pas
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Revised in December 2001 TRANSPORT
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.13 Roundabout Exi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.6.9.5 Diverging Lan
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.2 Junction Design -
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 (Al/2001) Mrnor Road
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.2.5 Delay 4.2.5.1 O
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.2.7 Economic Consid
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 (Al/2001) 4.2.9 Choic
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 (Al/2001) 4,2.10 Spac
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.2 Types of Priori
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4*3*3 Siting of Priority Junctions
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4.3.5 Pedestrian Facilities at Prio
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T.P.DJM.V.2.4 4,3.6*6 The predictiv
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T.P.D.M*V.2.4 4.3.8 Visibility Spla
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A1/88 FOR VEHICLE WAITING TO TURN R
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T.P.O.M V.2.4. FRONT KERB FRONT KER
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.9.4 For shadow is
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*3»10 Left TurningL
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^•3*12 Traffic Isla
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.3.14 Corner Badil 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4,3*16 Recommended La
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 Diagram No. 4.3.16.8
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T*P.D*M.V.2.4 (v) For left hand spl
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T. P.D M V 24 3.65 CE=E 3.65- 1s25t
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T. P.D.M V.2.4 Keep Leff sign Keep
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T. P D M V 24 Compound curve for di
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T. P. D.M V.2 4 ^ —-• — —"
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T. P.D.M.V 24 1:20 taper RIGHT/LEFT
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T. P.D.M.V.2.4 1*25 taper 1 Diagram
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T P D M V 24 125 taper •UphiU gra
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T.P.D.M*V*2.4 Signal Controlled Jun
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4.5.2 Normal Roundabouts 4.5.2.1 No
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NORMAL ROUNDABOUT T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. T
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T.P.O.M.V. 2.4. CONTIGUOUS DOUBLE R
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4. TWO BRIDGE ROUNDABOU
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TP.D.M.V 2.4. STRAIGHT SECTION PROV
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T.P.D«M.V*2.4 4*5.8 Pedestrian t C
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T.P.D.M.7.2JI 4*5.9*** The predicti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.11 Visibility 4.5
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DESIRABLE/MINIMUM VISIBILITY DISTAN
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T.P.O.M.V. 2 .4. HALF LANE WIDTH DI
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T.RD.M.V.2.4. MINIMUM AREA OVER WHI
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 in the entry as shown
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.P.O.M.V.2>. ENTRY DEFLECTION ACHIE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5*13 Roundabout Exi
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*5.15 Inscribed Circ
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.16 Segregated Lef
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Note:- This is not a recommendation
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.5.17 Superelevation
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(b) DIVIDING CIRCULATORY CARRIAGEWA
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T.P.DJM.V.2.4 4.5.18 Signing and Li
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T.P.B.M.7.2.4 4.6 Grade Separated J
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T.P.D.M.7.2.4 4.6.2.7 The Partial C
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4*6*3 Siting of Grade Separated Jun
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4,6.5 General Layout Requirements 4
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 ^6* 7 Slip Roads 4.6.
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4*6.7.12 The width of
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T.P.O.M.V.2.4. FIG. A 100 EDGE LINE
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4.6.8.7 The method of
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 downstream. The layou
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DIRECT ENTRY MERGING UN£ (TYPES 2
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T.P.D.H.V. 2.4 TO SUIT SITE ADDITIO
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T*P*D.M.V.2.4 4.6.9*7 The design fl
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I.P.O.M.V.2.
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T,P*D.M*V.2*4 4.6.10 Weaving Sectio
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44-
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 1 ! Calculat
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 If right and left tur
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4» Applying the stre
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 The toui parts of dmw
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 2 Calculatio
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 D=the inscribed circl
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T.P.D.M.V.2.H (v) The vehicle proce
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 4. Using these design
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T.P.D.M.V.2.4 APPENDIX 3 Examples o
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T*P*D*M.V.2.4 The average gradient
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.1 References 1. Ch
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.3 Petrol
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 53.2 Layou
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4 Additional Speed
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.43 Road
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) (vii) With
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1 R D. M, V. 2.5 Edge of Carriagewa
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.4 Tran
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.4.5.8 Us
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 5.4.6.11 As with rum
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.5.2 Gene
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2 Aspe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.2.12 W
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T.P.D.M. V.2.5 (Al/2002) 5.6.3.3 Tr
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Revised in March 2002 TRANSPORT PLA
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T.P.DJVLV.2.6 (Al/2002) Diagrams 6.
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.2 Introduc
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63 Expresswa
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.2 Horizon
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NOTES 1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS
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1. FOR DETAILS OF ROAD STUDS AND MA
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) CENTRAL RES
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) •FACE OF
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10&Q BOUMQA8Y FENCE 1 38UNQARY FENC
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) v) earth mou
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.3,4 Draina
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T.RD.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 63.6 Juncti
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) DIRECT ENTR
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MIN. LANE WIDTH 3.7m ISLAND WIDTH 2
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A172002) 70 NOSE DIR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) 130 70 NOSE
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 6.4 Permanent Signs an
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) i l FOR 2 L
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T.RD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.1.10 Det
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T.PD.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.2 Direct
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) (a) Layout
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.43 Chaina
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TJP.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.4.4.7 In
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T.P.D.MV.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.6 Maintena
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (A1/2002) BEARS MINOR
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T.P.D.M.V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6.7.2.9 Whe
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T.P.D.M. V.2.6 (Al/2002) 6,8.2 Acti
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