II International Symposium on Carbon for Catalysis ABSTRACTS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ACTIVE
CARBONS IN SOME ACID-BASE AND REDOX REACTIONS
PP-<strong>II</strong>-23
Stavitskaya S.S., Kartel N.T., Petrenko T.P., Bakalinskaya O.N.
Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
e-mail: stav@ispe.ldc.net; kartel@mail.kar.net
The present and previous investigations make it possible to determine the mechanism of
catalytic processes in the presence of carbons both in the liquid and in the vapor phases.
Analysis of the results of these investigations help to determine the main factors on which the
catalytic properties of the carbons depend: 1) the presence of various functional groups on the
surface of the active carbon (-OH,-COOH,=NH, -NH 2 , -SO 3 OH, etc); 2) the presence of
various modifying additives in the carbon materials (the heteroatoms N, P, S, Me, the ions,
oxides, and salts of various metals); 3) the porous structure of the carbon materials, their
structural and sorption characteristics; 4) the electrophysical characteristics of the CM and the
structure of the carbon .
In the present communication mainly on the basis of the results of investigations carried out
in recent years we examine the principal relationships governing certain catalytic processes
(table) taking place on the surface of active carbon
Carbons with various chemical types of surface were used for the investigation: activated
(anion exchangers) and oxidized (cation exchangers) carbons (OC) from various sources;
synthetic materials obtained from polymeric materials (FAU, FOU), nitrogen-containing SKN
and SKNO, from various types of wood (DOU), birch (BAU), larch waste products (LAU and
LOU), from fruit stones (KAU and KAU O ), natural coals (semicokes KPK), granulated and in
cloth form (UT). The oxidized samples of the carbon were modified by ion exchange.
It was established that OC containing various protogenic groups on their surface are best at
accelerating many industrially important acid-base reactions: esterification, transesterification,
hydrolysis, dehydration, etc. Both model oxidation-reduction processes (the decomposition of
H 2 O 2 ) and those with great significance in the chemical industry (the oxidation of cumene,
dibenzyl ether, hydrogen sulfide, the decomposition of the oxygen anions of chlorine, etc.) are
effectively catalyzed by active carbons. By introducing various modifying additives (metal
ions, metal oxides, heteroatoms N, O, P, S and others) and by using carbon from various
sources of various chemical surface types it was possible to vary and control the catalytic
properties of the active carbon and to produce carbon catalysts with particular characteristics.
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