The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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133 I really don’t think that they’re more serious in nature. . .Just that number of crimes are greater. …watched more closely. . . more black kids get a police complaint... Yes, but I think it’s due to socio-economic factors. I wouldn’t say more serious. . .yes they are involved in more delinquent act. I think there seems to be more of them committing crimes and there seems to be more group activity crimes linked to more minorities than for white kids going out and shoplifting on their own. A group of kids, minority kids, going out and committing a burglary as opposed to one kid going out and doing a burglary. I don’t know if minorities commit more serious crimes or not. Right new we have a phenomenon of gang activity in Sioux City. I think a lot of times if a minority kid comes in with a particular dress style they are pegged as a potential gangster. Whereas a supervisor’s daughter comes in the same way and nobody thinks twice about it. Distrust of the System Officers were also asked about minorities cooperativeness with the juvenile justice system and if they believed there were differences between whites and minorities in terms of trusting the system. Three closed ended questions were asked to tap these dimensions (Tables 6, 7). Decision makers responded that blacks may be more distrustful (83 percent answered most of time/sometimes) but generally do not have poorer attitudes than whites (39 percent responded most of time to sometimes). Sixty-one percent answered that minorities almost never to never have poorer attitudes. Personnel also indicated that blacks are not less likely than whites to deny guilt (66 percent responded
134 almost never/never). Thirty-four percent did answer most to sometimes. Similar themes to those from the closed ended questions emerge when reading the interviews. Some of the decision makers saw differences in trust, others did not. Very few of the decision makers saw differences in a willingness to admit guilt. Of those who believed that differences may exist in trust and cooperation (admission of guilt, attitude), the family more so than the youth were seen as the primary force influencing the behavior of the child and the decision makers perceptions of the situation, A list of quotes are presented to illustrate these sentiments and the complexities of the interactions between minority youth, their families, the juvenile court officer, and other court personnel. The theme of youth failing to adhere to certain expected standards is evident once again in some of the quotes. Sometimes I think they may react that way because of distrust of the police and the system and authority. If, for example, a minority thinks they have been picked upon or treated differently in other aspects of their lives, when they come into contact with authority groups such as the police or juvenile court services, I think they may tend to be resistive to a point where it may have an impact on what later decisions are made. . . .1 think there are major factors in the family. I think that minorities seem to have a lot more of a sense of family than maybe white middle-class America does today. White middle-class, with the 2.3 children are out running around at the mall wearing yuppie clothes and their parents are out working trying to make payments on them and trying to get ready for their college education. But one of the things you notice in the assimilation of the culture, we see black
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
Page 103 and 104: Table 11--continued. Variable Name
Page 105 and 106: 84 Several black youth felt that wh
Page 107 and 108: 86 Some individuals did believe tha
Page 109 and 110: 88 In summary both races felt that
Page 111 and 112: 90 A black male reasoned that black
Page 113 and 114: 92 variation in the responses. A ma
Page 115 and 116: 94 than white. Almost all of t blac
Page 117 and 118: 96 for a probation violation.” A
Page 119 and 120: 98 get to associate with kids and h
Page 121 and 122: 100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
Page 123 and 124: 102 married or nothing like that.
Page 125 and 126: 104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
Page 127 and 128: Table 2--continued. White Black Var
Page 129 and 130: 108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
Page 131 and 132: 110 Table 4--continued. White Black
Page 141 and 142: 120 more diversified personnel to a
Page 143 and 144: 122 I have problems with the facili
Page 145 and 146: 124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
Page 147 and 148: 126 laymen, lay people the authorit
Page 149 and 150: 128 called an original gang member.
Page 151 and 152: opportunity, or do you wait for the
Page 153: 132 ...there’s things that you di
Page 157 and 158: 136 I think that may be apart of it
Page 159 and 160: 138 one-time meeting with this fami
Page 161 and 162: 140 …no differences. I don’t th
Page 163 and 164: 142 of our diversion programs as qu
Page 165 and 166: 144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
Page 167 and 168: 146 blacks were released while olde
Page 169 and 170: 148 not be cooperative, it limits y
Page 171 and 172: 150 Indian Youth of America is very
Page 173 and 174: Blacks, Native American Indians Les
Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
Page 177 and 178: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
Page 179 and 180: 158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
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182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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improving. There was one twelve yea
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186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
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190 In the interviews, half of the
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192 Trust The question asked in thi
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194 According to the Hispanic youth
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196 he always yells at the black ki
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(58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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220 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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224 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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234 Table 8--continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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