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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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70 Table 4. Definition of Variables
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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78 Table 8. Definition of Variables
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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- Page 119 and 120: 98 get to associate with kids and h
- Page 121 and 122: 100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
- Page 123 and 124: 102 married or nothing like that.
- Page 125 and 126: 104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
- Page 127 and 128: Table 2--continued. White Black Var
- Page 129 and 130: 108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
- Page 131 and 132: 110 Table 4--continued. White Black
- Page 133 and 134: 112 Table 5. Definition of Variable
- Page 135 and 136: 114 Table 6--continued. White Black
- Page 137 and 138: 116 Table 7. Definition of Variable
- Page 139 and 140: 118 Table 8--continued. White Black
- Page 141 and 142: 120 more diversified personnel to a
- Page 143 and 144: 122 I have problems with the facili
- Page 145 and 146: 124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
- Page 147 and 148: 126 laymen, lay people the authorit
- Page 149 and 150: 128 called an original gang member.
- Page 151 and 152: opportunity, or do you wait for the
- Page 153 and 154: 132 ...there’s things that you di
- Page 155 and 156: 134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
- Page 157 and 158: 136 I think that may be apart of it
- Page 159 and 160: 138 one-time meeting with this fami
- Page 161 and 162: 140 …no differences. I don’t th
- Page 163 and 164: 142 of our diversion programs as qu
- Page 165 and 166: 144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
- Page 167: 146 blacks were released while olde
- Page 171 and 172: 150 Indian Youth of America is very
- Page 173 and 174: Blacks, Native American Indians Les
- Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
- Page 177 and 178: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
- Page 179 and 180: 158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
- Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
- Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
- Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
- Page 187 and 188: 166 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
- Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
- Page 191 and 192: 170 Table 5. Frequency Distribution
- Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
- Page 195 and 196: 174 Table 7. Frequency Distribution
- Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
- Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
- Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
- Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
- Page 205 and 206: 182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
- Page 207 and 208: improving. There was one twelve yea
- Page 209 and 210: 186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
- Page 211 and 212: 188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
- Page 213 and 214: 190 In the interviews, half of the
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- Page 217 and 218: 194 According to the Hispanic youth
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196 he always yells at the black ki
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(58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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220 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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224 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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228 Table 5. Definition of Variable
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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232 Table 7. Definition of Variable
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234 Table 8--continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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260 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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264 Table 5. Frequency Distribution
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Table 5-continued. 266 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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Table 7-continued. 270 Variable Nam
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272 Table 9. Frequency Distribution
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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300 Table 2. Frequency Distribution
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302 Table 3. Definition of Variable
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304 Table 4-continued. White Black
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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308 Table 6. Frequency Distribution
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310 Table 6-continued. White Black
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312 Table 8. Frequency Distribution
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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352 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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356 Table 5. Frequency Distribution
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Table 5-continued. 358 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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Table 7-continued. 362 Variable Nam
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364 Table 9. Frequency Distribution
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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386 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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388 Table 2-continued. White Black
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390 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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392 Table 4-continued. White Black
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394 Table 5. Definition of Variable
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396 Table 6-continued. White Black
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398 Table 7. Definition of Variable
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz