The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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305 Table 4-continued. White Black Variable Name Category N % N % COPINNOC Always 4 5 3 10 Most of the time 6 8 5 17 Sometimes 24 33 12 41 Almost never 22 30 6 21 Never 17 23 3 10 MORECOP Always 6 8 3 10 Most of the time 11 15 1 3 Sometimes 31 42 5 17 Almost never 11 15 3 10 Never 14 19 17 59 COPCRIT Always 10 14 5 17 Most of the time 12 16 3 10 Sometimes 31 42 10 34 Almost never 13 18 3 10 Never 7 10 8 28 PREVTRBL Always 20 27 14 48 Most of the time 29 40 10 34 Sometimes 20 27 3 10 Almost never 4 5 2 7 Never -- -- -- -- BUYOUT Always 1 1 -- -- Most of the time 1 1 3 10 Sometimes 17 23 9 31 Almost never 26 36 5 17 Never 28 38 12 41
Table 4-continued. White Black Variable Name Category N % N % 306 COPSTEAL Always 5 7 6 21 Most of the time 23 31 9 31 Sometimes 22 30 11 38 Almost never 8 11 2 7 Never 15 20 1 3 COPARRST Recommendations of the victim 4 5 4 14 Past prior record 17 23 3 10 Minority status -- -- 4 14 Family considerations 4 5 1 3 Seriousness of the offense 30 41 12 41 Other 18 25 5 17 ________________________________________________________________________
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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96 for a probation violation.” A
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98 get to associate with kids and h
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100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
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102 married or nothing like that.
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104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2--continued. White Black Var
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108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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110 Table 4--continued. White Black
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120 more diversified personnel to a
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122 I have problems with the facili
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124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
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126 laymen, lay people the authorit
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128 called an original gang member.
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opportunity, or do you wait for the
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132 ...there’s things that you di
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134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
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136 I think that may be apart of it
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138 one-time meeting with this fami
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140 …no differences. I don’t th
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142 of our diversion programs as qu
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144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
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146 blacks were released while olde
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148 not be cooperative, it limits y
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150 Indian Youth of America is very
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Blacks, Native American Indians Les
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154 Overall, most of the decision m
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156 same schools in Sioux City. The
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158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
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160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
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162 ideological position is evident
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Table 1. Distributions of Decision
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Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
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Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
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Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
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Table 10. Definition of Variables R
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Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
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Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
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182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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improving. There was one twelve yea
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186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
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190 In the interviews, half of the
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192 Trust The question asked in thi
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194 According to the Hispanic youth
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196 he always yells at the black ki
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(58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
Page 277 and 278: 254 The problem is availability. Th
Page 279 and 280: 256 the percentages. I don’t know
Page 281 and 282: 258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
Page 283 and 284: 260 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
Page 285 and 286: Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
Page 291 and 292: Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
Page 297 and 298: 274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
Page 299 and 300: Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
Page 301 and 302: 278 ...because of the last past thi
Page 303 and 304: 280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
Page 305 and 306: 282 The trend in the interviews, fo
Page 307 and 308: 284 in the minority. Racism is indi
Page 309 and 310: 286 could single out a group that t
Page 311 and 312: 288 I think it is because they are
Page 313 and 314: 290 could trust the police, there w
Page 315 and 316: 292 View of Probation Officer In th
Page 317 and 318: 294 and he spoke out against me, ma
Page 319 and 320: 296 Some of those blacks who did co
Page 321 and 322: Summary 298 In general, most of the
Page 325 and 326: 302 Table 3. Definition of Variable
Page 327: 304 Table 4-continued. White Black
Page 333 and 334: 310 Table 6-continued. White Black
Page 337 and 338: Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
Page 339 and 340: 316 from becoming recidivists and
Page 341 and 342: 318 The paperwork. I think I do my
Page 343 and 344: 320 By reading through the intervie
Page 345 and 346: 322 difference is that youth are no
Page 347 and 348: 324 this country. I don’t think i
Page 349 and 350: 326 I think some of them have to pr
Page 351 and 352: 328 I think they’re about the sam
Page 353 and 354: 330 My feeling is that the most com
Page 355 and 356: 332 The Juvenile Justice System In
Page 357 and 358: 334 I have seen a couple of instanc
Page 359 and 360: 336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
Page 361 and 362: 338 It just goes to show that is al
Page 363 and 364: 340 Race Findings Specific to Study
Page 365 and 366: 342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
Page 367 and 368: 344 small minority we are dealing w
Page 369 and 370: 346 In response to the second phase
Page 371 and 372: 348 As a person who hires here, I a
Page 373 and 374: 350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
Page 377 and 378: 354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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