The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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151 Q. Do you ever learn the disposition of the children who are referred to that agency (IYA) A. They’ll report back that they’ve offered services or that they tried to contact the family and that they’ve gotten no response or. . .Yeah, they respond back. Basically, the complaint is dismissed when we hand them off to them but that is for, it was quite often either a first time or a minor offense like a simple misdemeanor type offenses that we were giving them anyway. I mean it’s nothing that we would have done much with anyway, other than maybe calling them in and talking to them and finding out, doing our social investigation and then dismissing it. But by referring to Indian Youth of America, they may have gotten extensive services. Much more than we would have done in the first place. Q. In general that happens A. That they would get more services The services are offered. How cooperative or how accepting the family was of them, I don’t know. Indian Youth would have to answer that question. They would report back if they’ve contacted the family and offered services. We just would not be sure as to what extent that was accepted by the family... Q. Do you receive a written report or something after each case you send them A. Mmhm (yes). Q. And usually what they offer the family is more than what you would A. I would say so, overall. Q. But you don’t know if that’s ever been followed up And the family is under no obligation to do what this authority tells them to do A. Right. But I’ve gotten responses from the agency saying that they, they’re contacting the family or they have contacted the family... I’ve gotten a written referral back on every kid I’ve ever sent over there. But whether or not, I mean I don’t follow up on those kids, so I really don’t know how in depth they go,.. .I’m not real familiar with their services other than they do go out to the homes and visit with the kids and the family, if the family will let them.
Blacks, Native American Indians Less Likely to be Petitioned 152 The next statistically significant race/ethnic finding was evident at the stage of petition. There, black youth and Native American Indians were less likely than white youth to be petitioned after controlling for legal and extralegal factors. In the interview, no differentiation was made between blacks and Native American Indians. Thus, the focus of the discussion was on the likelihood of receiving the more lenient outcome at this stage in the proceedings. Of the decision makers who responded, the theme that emerged was that the cases might have been dismissed because of legal insufficiency. One individual responded that this occurrence may be the result of the intake officers’ concern with gang activity. ...not filed right, something missing or legal insufficiency Really, the only reason the county attorney would disagree or not file would probably be because of legal insufficiency Q. So it could be because intake doesn’t file the problem right A. Yeah. . .won’t file them, maybe they’re legally insufficient. That the police investigation wasn’t there or the evidence wasn’t there. They may be sending up what I believe are elevated charges. . .When I get these cases, I don’t know what race the kids are... There is some thought that anybody who looks, or claims any gang knowledge is going to be referred by certain entities in the intake office. Whether or not there is a real basis for filing a petition. The crime may be
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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96 for a probation violation.” A
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98 get to associate with kids and h
Page 121 and 122: 100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
Page 123 and 124: 102 married or nothing like that.
Page 125 and 126: 104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
Page 127 and 128: Table 2--continued. White Black Var
Page 129 and 130: 108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
Page 131 and 132: 110 Table 4--continued. White Black
Page 141 and 142: 120 more diversified personnel to a
Page 143 and 144: 122 I have problems with the facili
Page 145 and 146: 124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
Page 147 and 148: 126 laymen, lay people the authorit
Page 149 and 150: 128 called an original gang member.
Page 151 and 152: opportunity, or do you wait for the
Page 153 and 154: 132 ...there’s things that you di
Page 155 and 156: 134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
Page 157 and 158: 136 I think that may be apart of it
Page 159 and 160: 138 one-time meeting with this fami
Page 161 and 162: 140 …no differences. I don’t th
Page 163 and 164: 142 of our diversion programs as qu
Page 165 and 166: 144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
Page 167 and 168: 146 blacks were released while olde
Page 169 and 170: 148 not be cooperative, it limits y
Page 171: 150 Indian Youth of America is very
Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
Page 177 and 178: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
Page 179 and 180: 158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
Page 205 and 206: 182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 207 and 208: improving. There was one twelve yea
Page 209 and 210: 186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 211 and 212: 188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
Page 213 and 214: 190 In the interviews, half of the
Page 215 and 216: 192 Trust The question asked in thi
Page 217 and 218: 194 According to the Hispanic youth
Page 219 and 220: 196 he always yells at the black ki
Page 221 and 222: (58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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220 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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224 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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234 Table 8--continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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