The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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203 whites. Thirty-three percent of the whites strongly agreed with the statement, while only 20 percent of the blacks said they respected the police. The remainder of the youth neither agreed or disagreed with the statement (39 percent of the whites, 40 percent of the blacks). Tables 3 and 4 provide the results. The feeling that emerges from the majority of the white youth interviewed is quite blase’. The police are not seen as very competent. This is demonstrated by the following quotes: I don’t know what you call respect. A lot of people think respect to the police is to not say anything to them. To just let them do their thing and listen to them. ...I’m not gonna be disrespectful in the normal way but if they ask me a question I’m not just gonna answer, I’m gonna give them a piece of my mind, too. They don’t really know what’s happening in a lot of situations. The impression is that youth want the opportunity to explain the situation. In addition, the white youth think that the police do not have a clear picture on what is “happening” or “going on” in different situations. As a whole, the white youth do not feel that they get much, if any, respect from the police. Quotes like the following make this quite clear. Sometimes. Unless they’re being cocky. Because I’ve seen cops just stop kids and be cocky about it. Yeah, as long as they respect me. Yeah, if they show me some. I’d just look at a cop, and if I wouldn’t get in trouble, I’d probably spit on him. I don’t like cops , that guy arrested me for the littlest things.. .1 don’t think they’re doing their job. They’re going around telling these kids how big a losers they are and they’re gonna go to prison for the rest of their life or something. There are the two or three interviews from white youth that demonstrate respect for the police. In these cases, the interviewees simply responded to the question, “Do you
204 have a lot of respect for the police”, with a “Yes” or “Yeah, I don’t hate them or anything. Like a lot of people.” Black youth and Hispanic youth all claim to have respect for the police. Responses were limited to “Yes” and “Yeah.” These responses differ from the self reports. This could be due to the small sample of blacks that were interviewed in Woodbury county. The Native American youth split on their views of respect. Some feel that the police are their “enemies” and “dicks.” Then there are others that respect the police. The youth of Woodbury county do not see the police as desirable role models. Only a small number of youth in the self reports said they would like to be a police officer (16 percent of the whites, 6 percent of the blacks). A higher percentage of whites also responded by saying sometimes (27 percent) than blacks (8 percent). Nearly all of the black youth questioned (88 percent) said they would never be a cop, compared to only 58 percent of the whites (Tables 3, 4). When asked in the open ended interviews, “Would you like to be a police officer”, the overwhelming response was “No!” Some of the youth gave reasons for this response. White youth It just isn’t my thing I don’t think I’d like it because of the danger or the people that don’t like police. I did when I was little. I don’t think I want to now.
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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96 for a probation violation.” A
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98 get to associate with kids and h
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100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
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102 married or nothing like that.
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104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2--continued. White Black Var
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108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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110 Table 4--continued. White Black
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120 more diversified personnel to a
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122 I have problems with the facili
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124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
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126 laymen, lay people the authorit
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128 called an original gang member.
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opportunity, or do you wait for the
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132 ...there’s things that you di
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134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
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136 I think that may be apart of it
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138 one-time meeting with this fami
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140 …no differences. I don’t th
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142 of our diversion programs as qu
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144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
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146 blacks were released while olde
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148 not be cooperative, it limits y
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150 Indian Youth of America is very
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Blacks, Native American Indians Les
Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
Page 177 and 178: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
Page 179 and 180: 158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
Page 187 and 188: 166 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
Page 205 and 206: 182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 207 and 208: improving. There was one twelve yea
Page 209 and 210: 186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 211 and 212: 188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
Page 213 and 214: 190 In the interviews, half of the
Page 215 and 216: 192 Trust The question asked in thi
Page 217 and 218: 194 According to the Hispanic youth
Page 219 and 220: 196 he always yells at the black ki
Page 221 and 222: (58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
Page 223 and 224: 200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
Page 225: 202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
Page 229 and 230: Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
Page 231 and 232: 208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
Page 233 and 234: 210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
Page 235 and 236: 212 The first black youth believed
Page 237 and 238: 214 because the teacher would not l
Page 239 and 240: 216 and go to the principal’s off
Page 241 and 242: 218 The youth have taken into consi
Page 243 and 244: 220 Table 1. Definition of Variable
Page 245 and 246: Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
Page 249 and 250: 226 Table 4-continued White Black V
Page 253 and 254: 230 Table 6-continued. White Black
Page 257 and 258: 234 Table 8--continued. White Black
Page 259 and 260: 236 Perceived Role of the Court and
Page 261 and 262: 238 There is extremely more paperwo
Page 263 and 264: As in the responses to the closed e
Page 265 and 266: 242 getting the support from the pa
Page 267 and 268: 244 They seem to want to turn the k
Page 269 and 270: 246 crime. There are some officers,
Page 271 and 272: Police 248 In response to the close
Page 273 and 274: 250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
Page 275 and 276: 252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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304 Table 4-continued. White Black
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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