The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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297 their situation. Blacks also tended to blame themselves and yet they also seemed more willing to cast blame in other directions as well (Tables 7, 8). As a result, many black youth picked up on problems in the system. Probably the most frequent complaint against the juvenile justice system was that the police have little concern for individuals and are often unfair. Others felt that the whole system, or at least key aspects of it, is racist. A 15 year old black male said, Mostly everybody is being seen as guilty. There are some people who didn’t even do nothing and they were being seen guilty. I think a lot of innocent people are being found guilty. Some white youth saw problems not in attitudes but in logistics. A 14 year old white male said the problem is, Overcrowding, too many kids. There should be more treatment programs too. All the places have waiting lists and you could be waiting for up to four months for a place to open at a detention center. As far as schools, about 80 percent of the youth in both groups felt teachers show very little racial or economic bias (Tables 7, 8). This sentiment was supported by the interviews where very little was said in reference to schools. Most of those who chose to comment on their teachers said very positive things. And yet, there are those who feel teachers are racist. A 17 year old white girl said: They’re very favoritist. Most of the rich kids get the favortism. They’re totally rude to the black kids. I have a black girlfriend that was in my math class with me, and we’d be sitting there taking and I wouldn’t get yelled at, but she would. She was always getting suspended for talking in class and stuff, but I would never get yelled at.
Summary 298 In general, most of the youth knew they had done something wrong and believed they were justifiably punished for their behavior. Yet, most of the youth indicated that they were being picked on. They felt that police officers were unfair. Both blacks and whites did not respect the police and believed they were abusing their authority. At the same time, however, the majority of both groups held a high regard for their probation officers. They apparently feel that they can communicate better with probation officers and that probation officers work more in their best interest than do the police. Both blacks and whites recognize a great deal of racism both within the system and in society in general. However, they tend to see racism more when it is manifested in violence and not in other forms. There were extremists in both groups who wanted nothing to do with the other race, and yet for the most part, these youth were sensitive to racial tension and wanted to see it end. Both groups were very optimistic of a better future and seemed to be accepting of people regardless of race.
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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96 for a probation violation.” A
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98 get to associate with kids and h
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100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
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102 married or nothing like that.
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104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2--continued. White Black Var
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108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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110 Table 4--continued. White Black
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120 more diversified personnel to a
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122 I have problems with the facili
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124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
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126 laymen, lay people the authorit
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128 called an original gang member.
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opportunity, or do you wait for the
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132 ...there’s things that you di
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134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
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136 I think that may be apart of it
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138 one-time meeting with this fami
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140 …no differences. I don’t th
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142 of our diversion programs as qu
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144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
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146 blacks were released while olde
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148 not be cooperative, it limits y
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150 Indian Youth of America is very
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Blacks, Native American Indians Les
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154 Overall, most of the decision m
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156 same schools in Sioux City. The
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158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
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160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
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162 ideological position is evident
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Table 1. Distributions of Decision
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Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
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Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
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Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
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Table 10. Definition of Variables R
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Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
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Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
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182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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improving. There was one twelve yea
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186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
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190 In the interviews, half of the
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192 Trust The question asked in thi
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194 According to the Hispanic youth
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196 he always yells at the black ki
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(58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
Page 269 and 270: 246 crime. There are some officers,
Page 271 and 272: Police 248 In response to the close
Page 273 and 274: 250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
Page 275 and 276: 252 Blacks and Detention The first
Page 277 and 278: 254 The problem is availability. Th
Page 279 and 280: 256 the percentages. I don’t know
Page 281 and 282: 258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
Page 283 and 284: 260 Table 3. Frequency Distribution
Page 285 and 286: Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
Page 291 and 292: Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
Page 297 and 298: 274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
Page 299 and 300: Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
Page 301 and 302: 278 ...because of the last past thi
Page 303 and 304: 280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
Page 305 and 306: 282 The trend in the interviews, fo
Page 307 and 308: 284 in the minority. Racism is indi
Page 309 and 310: 286 could single out a group that t
Page 311 and 312: 288 I think it is because they are
Page 313 and 314: 290 could trust the police, there w
Page 315 and 316: 292 View of Probation Officer In th
Page 317 and 318: 294 and he spoke out against me, ma
Page 319: 296 Some of those blacks who did co
Page 325 and 326: 302 Table 3. Definition of Variable
Page 327 and 328: 304 Table 4-continued. White Black
Page 329 and 330: Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
Page 333 and 334: 310 Table 6-continued. White Black
Page 337 and 338: Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
Page 339 and 340: 316 from becoming recidivists and
Page 341 and 342: 318 The paperwork. I think I do my
Page 343 and 344: 320 By reading through the intervie
Page 345 and 346: 322 difference is that youth are no
Page 347 and 348: 324 this country. I don’t think i
Page 349 and 350: 326 I think some of them have to pr
Page 351 and 352: 328 I think they’re about the sam
Page 353 and 354: 330 My feeling is that the most com
Page 355 and 356: 332 The Juvenile Justice System In
Page 357 and 358: 334 I have seen a couple of instanc
Page 359 and 360: 336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
Page 361 and 362: 338 It just goes to show that is al
Page 363 and 364: 340 Race Findings Specific to Study
Page 365 and 366: 342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
Page 367 and 368: 344 small minority we are dealing w
Page 369 and 370: 346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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