The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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...I don’t know if they’ve ever had a minority person apply... 157 I think there are a lot of people out in the community that are working to help kids. I think there’s a lot more than what people think. I think there are programs specifically for minority children... Well, again, this is from my own observations, but the child that I see come in from the system and I ask them about their religious and spiritual background, and the ones that are repeat offenders and the ones that are really a problem are the ones that have no religion. . . I think that is reflecting upon their behavior and of the problems that they are getting into. Their spiritual growth. What I see and I think you can relate is, what I see is a black youth who just excels in sports, excels in music, but socially he’s a misfit. Or he goes out and steals. That tells you something, something is not right. That involvement process isn’t even. A child that should be excelling in all areas and he’s only excelling in one particular area. I think we need more spiritual or religious guidance. Whether it be in the home or wherever, the child has to be exposed to it someplace. Q. So, moral development A. Moral development. Yeah, there’s got to be more moral development. Q. Do you think if there was, say, an Indian or a Black JCO or intake person, do you think that would make a difference to the children who come in A. I guess I see our office, in particular, as being very nonprejudicial and very... I don’t see them discriminating at all. We have the kids that come in and we have to work with them and we do it. And sometimes I’m amazed that, if we’re talking about a particular kid, we may not recognize whatever his race is. I see people in that office not picking up on that necessarily. You can name a kid and someone else would say, is he Indian or Asian or whatever. And that intake officer would have to stop and think about it for a minute. That’s not something that had been thought about in making their decision. Q. What about the kids reactions
158 A. Well, they’re living in Sioux City, Iowa, which is ninety-five percent white. It’s the community they’re living in. If they’re not used to that... It’s a reality of life whether it’s our office or the grocery store or in school. Q. Do you think a person of color in a position of authority could serve as a role model to the kids A. Well, if we need a role model, if the blacks need a role model, one of our bosses is on the board of supervisors is... black and is very wellspoken. I wouldn’t say outspoken meaning inappropriately. I think he speaks very appropriately and very clearly on his views. He is an excellent role model. Q. So you think it’s going pretty well here A. No, I guess I just see us plugging along. I guess when the study first came out, I probably am saying more than I should, but I did feel offended. I felt like I was being called prejudiced and I think myself as well as the rest of the people in the office work very hard to not do that. Q. It’s an offensive term. If you think it’s being applied to you, it’s very offensive. It also makes you very defensive. A. Yes. I think, again, if the study was done in a couple of years, you’d have totally different results, not necessarily because you’re gonna have different people, because I think there’s very little turnover, even in our office. I think it’s just the resources available, the lack of resources available, the whole system is so flexible and changing. Well, I think a good example was the Native Americans. They have their own system and they try to really work with their children. I mean they’ll try to have any kind of deterrent to not have their child placed in the system. For instance, the youth program that they have and I think that if the blacks and the Asians and I know the Asian population in Sioux City or the Laos population, they’re coming up with those types of resources. I don’t know where the money’s coming from but I know resources are being brought up for these families and programs built for them. I know the blacks have very intelligent people, in that race, if they would come up with those types of programs and I guess the government won’t give us money, but if those types of programs could be brought up for their
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
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86 Some individuals did believe tha
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88 In summary both races felt that
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90 A black male reasoned that black
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92 variation in the responses. A ma
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94 than white. Almost all of t blac
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96 for a probation violation.” A
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98 get to associate with kids and h
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100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
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102 married or nothing like that.
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104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
Page 127 and 128: Table 2--continued. White Black Var
Page 129 and 130: 108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
Page 131 and 132: 110 Table 4--continued. White Black
Page 133 and 134: 112 Table 5. Definition of Variable
Page 137 and 138: 116 Table 7. Definition of Variable
Page 141 and 142: 120 more diversified personnel to a
Page 143 and 144: 122 I have problems with the facili
Page 145 and 146: 124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
Page 147 and 148: 126 laymen, lay people the authorit
Page 149 and 150: 128 called an original gang member.
Page 151 and 152: opportunity, or do you wait for the
Page 153 and 154: 132 ...there’s things that you di
Page 155 and 156: 134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
Page 157 and 158: 136 I think that may be apart of it
Page 159 and 160: 138 one-time meeting with this fami
Page 161 and 162: 140 …no differences. I don’t th
Page 163 and 164: 142 of our diversion programs as qu
Page 165 and 166: 144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
Page 167 and 168: 146 blacks were released while olde
Page 169 and 170: 148 not be cooperative, it limits y
Page 171 and 172: 150 Indian Youth of America is very
Page 173 and 174: Blacks, Native American Indians Les
Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
Page 177: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
Page 205 and 206: 182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 207 and 208: improving. There was one twelve yea
Page 209 and 210: 186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 211 and 212: 188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
Page 213 and 214: 190 In the interviews, half of the
Page 215 and 216: 192 Trust The question asked in thi
Page 217 and 218: 194 According to the Hispanic youth
Page 219 and 220: 196 he always yells at the black ki
Page 221 and 222: (58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
Page 223 and 224: 200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
Page 225 and 226: 202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
Page 227 and 228: 204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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224 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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234 Table 8--continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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