The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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137 is attempting to do with their children, then you will normally see that same type of attitude in the child. If you have parents that are very hostile to the system, feels as though the system is prejudiced or biased or racist, that attitude then goes over onto the kids. That’s very difficult to deal with...The problems in this city come from the Native Americans... Q. My impression has been Hispanic. A. I don’t think so. I think it’s more Native American... At times, it depends on the kids. . .1 think the race bias is definitely there. I think sometimes the cultural attitudes and backgrounds. . .1 can’t say comfortably that it’s only be the police involvement because I really don’t know what goes on in the intake unit. I know the intake officers down there and it wouldn’t surprise me if there is race bias going on down in that office. I’m not sure if it would necessarily be intentional but it would not surprise me at all. Q. Explain to me why you feel that way. A. Because I see from some intake officers more of a almost revenge-type attitude for non-compliance. Things like, they set up an intake conference and these people didn’t come in, therefore file a petition. Or, they came in and they didn’t like the mother’s attitude. Mom was questioning on every little thing. So it will come up to me with this statement that mom had a real attitude problem and I don’t think she will be supportive in any kind of informal adjustment, therefore file a petition. Those are conclusions that I think sometimes intake officers make from a one time meeting with the family. I can think of a particular case where the officer met with a black mother and her child over a theft of some Jolly Rancher candy, two cents a piece, and I think the kid had five of them. And it ended up coming up here for a petition request because this mother’s attitude really rubbed this particular intake officer the wrong way. It may not have bothered a different officer at all. Had someone maybe talked with this person they may have said, ‘well, her kid’s telling her he didn’t do it and if you’re going to have a parent-child relationship you got to have some level of trust in there. Maybe she goes home and talks to the kid some more after reading the police reports and changes her attitude. But based on the
138 one-time meeting with this family, we jumped to the conclusion that mom would not be supportive of any alternative hands-off training for this kid, so let’s file a petition. Race Differences in Processing Police In response to the closed ended questions, the majority of decision makers strongly disagreed/disagreed (56 percent) with the statement, “White youth are picked up less by police than black youth” (Tables 8, 9). Twenty-six percent agreed with the statement. In response to three additional questions that focus on their perception concerning police treatment of blacks, Native American Indians, and Hispanics, a majority of the personnel indicate that these racial/ethnic groups are treated differently than whites (57 percent to 61 percent answered most to sometimes). Thirty-nine percent of those responding answered almost never to never. In reading the interviews, juvenile justice decision makers appear to view police officers as doing a good job. If race/ethnic differences exist, it is the result of minorities committing more crime. The police are simply responding to where the crime exists. I think that is probably true because when I travel through the west side of Sioux City, you can always see a police car... Q. What do you call it when the police watch one neighborhood more than they watch another A. Protection of the community... ...most things for police are pretty clear cut.
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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The Disproportionate Overrepresenta
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Each of the following persons, in a
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Race Differences in Processing…
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Future Opportunities……………
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Crimes………………………
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LIST OF TABLES Title Page # Summary
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definition of Variables Used to Rep
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Frequency Distributions of Variable
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Definitions of Variables Used to Re
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Research Sites 2 Due to the relativ
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was counted as only one referral. T
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6 result of an active policy which
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8 outcomes is as follows: adjudicat
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10 Analysis The analyses followed t
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12 Scott County: At the stage of pe
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14 Table 1. Summary of Research Des
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16 Table 1-continued. _____________
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18 Table 2--Continued. Black Hawk W
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Table 3.-continued. 20 Disposition
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Table 3.-continued. 22 Disposition
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24 objective of this approach was t
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26 negative light, represented by b
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28 Thus, the decision makers respon
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30 specific county is first present
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Table 1. Number of Self-Reports and
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34 in interacting with youth. The e
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36 end up being good and I learned
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38 he is on probation, he knows the
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40 . . . level of supervision and a
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42 For the young black man it is a
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44 (47 percent answered most of the
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46 the result of disproportionate i
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48 court whereas a person without t
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50 and deprivation financially and
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52 referred on to petition. The res
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Blacks/Dropout Placement 54 The sec
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56 of things doesn’t get arrested
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58 I think that traditionally Black
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60 while job and they are contribut
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62 be. If someone has done wrong an
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64 also varied. The two more promin
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66 Table 2. Definition of Variables
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Table 3--continued. 68 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. 72 Variable Nam
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Table 5--continued. Variable Name C
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76 Table 7. Frequency Distributions
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Table 10. Definition of Variable Re
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Table 11--continued. Variable Name
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84 Several black youth felt that wh
Page 107 and 108: 86 Some individuals did believe tha
Page 109 and 110: 88 In summary both races felt that
Page 111 and 112: 90 A black male reasoned that black
Page 113 and 114: 92 variation in the responses. A ma
Page 115 and 116: 94 than white. Almost all of t blac
Page 117 and 118: 96 for a probation violation.” A
Page 119 and 120: 98 get to associate with kids and h
Page 121 and 122: 100 “It’s too hard for me. I do
Page 123 and 124: 102 married or nothing like that.
Page 125 and 126: 104 Table 1. Definition of Variable
Page 127 and 128: Table 2--continued. White Black Var
Page 129 and 130: 108 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
Page 131 and 132: 110 Table 4--continued. White Black
Page 141 and 142: 120 more diversified personnel to a
Page 143 and 144: 122 I have problems with the facili
Page 145 and 146: 124 adhere to, you know, to the cou
Page 147 and 148: 126 laymen, lay people the authorit
Page 149 and 150: 128 called an original gang member.
Page 151 and 152: opportunity, or do you wait for the
Page 153 and 154: 132 ...there’s things that you di
Page 155 and 156: 134 almost never/never). Thirty-fou
Page 157: 136 I think that may be apart of it
Page 161 and 162: 140 …no differences. I don’t th
Page 163 and 164: 142 of our diversion programs as qu
Page 165 and 166: 144 Q. As an excuse for why they co
Page 167 and 168: 146 blacks were released while olde
Page 169 and 170: 148 not be cooperative, it limits y
Page 171 and 172: 150 Indian Youth of America is very
Page 173 and 174: Blacks, Native American Indians Les
Page 175 and 176: 154 Overall, most of the decision m
Page 177 and 178: 156 same schools in Sioux City. The
Page 179 and 180: 158 A. Well, they’re living in Si
Page 181 and 182: 160 A. Yeah, I think so. I think th
Page 183 and 184: 162 ideological position is evident
Page 185 and 186: Table 1. Distributions of Decision
Page 189 and 190: Table 3--continued 168 Variable Nam
Page 193 and 194: Table 5-continued. 172 Variable Nam
Page 197 and 198: Table 8. Definition of Variables Re
Page 199 and 200: Table 10. Definition of Variables R
Page 201 and 202: Table 11-continued. 178 Variable Na
Page 203 and 204: Chapter Six Woodbury County Youth T
Page 205 and 206: 182 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
Page 207 and 208: improving. There was one twelve yea
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186 Q: Do you feel racial discrimin
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188 Q: Do you feel that a black per
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190 In the interviews, half of the
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192 Trust The question asked in thi
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194 According to the Hispanic youth
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196 he always yells at the black ki
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(58 percent of the whites, 55 perce
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200 Q: Now, tell me why. A: Cause i
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202 Q: You mean of physical harm or
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204 have a lot of respect for the p
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Perceptions of Probation Officers 2
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208 blacks (Tables 5, 6). Generally
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210 Black youth He’s nice. He tal
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212 The first black youth believed
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214 because the teacher would not l
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216 and go to the principal’s off
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218 The youth have taken into consi
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220 Table 1. Definition of Variable
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Table 2-continued. White Black Vari
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224 Table 4. Frequency Distribution
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226 Table 4-continued White Black V
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230 Table 6-continued. White Black
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234 Table 8--continued. White Black
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236 Perceived Role of the Court and
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238 There is extremely more paperwo
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As in the responses to the closed e
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242 getting the support from the pa
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244 They seem to want to turn the k
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246 crime. There are some officers,
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Police 248 In response to the close
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250 tend to be drawn to gang activi
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252 Blacks and Detention The first
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254 The problem is availability. Th
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256 the percentages. I don’t know
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258 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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Table 3-continued. 262 Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variables Re
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274 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Eight YOUTH POLK COUNTY The
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278 ...because of the last past thi
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280 equal opportunity; yet, youth w
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282 The trend in the interviews, fo
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284 in the minority. Racism is indi
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286 could single out a group that t
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288 I think it is because they are
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290 could trust the police, there w
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292 View of Probation Officer In th
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294 and he spoke out against me, ma
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296 Some of those blacks who did co
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Summary 298 In general, most of the
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Table 4-continued. White Black Vari
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Charter Nine Adult Decision Makers
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316 from becoming recidivists and
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318 The paperwork. I think I do my
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320 By reading through the intervie
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322 difference is that youth are no
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324 this country. I don’t think i
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326 I think some of them have to pr
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328 I think they’re about the sam
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330 My feeling is that the most com
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332 The Juvenile Justice System In
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334 I have seen a couple of instanc
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336 The Disproportionate Overrepres
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338 It just goes to show that is al
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340 Race Findings Specific to Study
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342 Blacks Receive Consent Decrees
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344 small minority we are dealing w
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346 In response to the second phase
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348 As a person who hires here, I a
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350 Table 1. Distributions of Decis
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354 Table 3-continued. Variable Nam
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Table 6. Definition of Variable Rep
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366 Table 11. Frequency Distributio
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Chapter Ten Youth Scott County Ther
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370 have equal job opportunities (6
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372 concerning opportunities in the
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374 police brutality. One expressed
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376 feel police do not treat everyo
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378 just thinks you’re never goin
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380 The results from the self repor
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382 white youth who reported he wou
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384 When asked whether they regrett
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400 Table 8-continued White Black V
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402 asked more general questions th
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404 however, were the dominant them
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406 In all four counties, decision
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408 Recommendations A number of rec
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410 encourage sexual promiscuity, a
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412 decision makers have little exp
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414 resources and rising expectatio
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416 Depending on the county, decisi
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418 family cooperativeness or defic
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420 Table 1. Summary of Themes and
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422 Explanations of Specific Findin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, D. and C. Fraz
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The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in ...

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