The Protected Landscape Approach - Centre for Mediterranean ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community View of Downham Hill in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), England. Countryside Agency/Nick Turner parks. Unlike National Parks, these areas do not have land use planning powers, which remain with local authorities. Legislation now allows certain AONBs in England to set up Conservation Boards, which will be more akin to National Park authorities (though still without land-use planning powers). For more on land-use planning law in the UK National Parks refer to Box 1. With the exception of NSAs, all Category V protected areas in the UK are run with professional office and field staff support. The National Parks are generally far better supported in this way (about 1,000 staff in England and Wales); while Regional Parks and some AONBs may employ only a handful of staff. National agencies oversee the Protected Landscape systems of the UK: the Countryside Agency in England, the Countryside Council for Wales, and Scottish Natural Heritage. These bodies play a major role in the establishment of such areas (the New Forest and South Downs are in the process of being designated as National Parks). They also have continuing advisory, promotional and funding roles after the areas are set up, but their direct role in management is limited to a small number of National Nature Reserves. They work closely with the respective government departments in England and the devolved administrations of Wales and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, responsibility for Protected Landscapes lies with the Environment and Heritage Service, an agency within the Department of the Environment (NI). Diversity in approaches The statutory purposes of the English and Welsh parks are to: conserve and enhance their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage, and promote public understanding and enjoyment of their special qualities. 122
9. Protected landscapes in the United Kingdom If these purposes cannot be reconciled, priority is given to conservation, according to a policy known as “the Sandford principle” (established by The Rt Rev. Lord Sandford, a Government Minister who undertook a review of national parks in 1974). The park authorities, in pursuing the two purposes, must foster the economic and social well being of local communities, but without incurring significant expenditure. The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads are regarded as part of the National Park family, but the enabling act gave the Broads Authority somewhat different purposes including one to protect navigation. AONBs and NSAs have neither an explicit recreation nor a socio-economic purpose. But where a Conservation Board is established for an AONB, it is required to help increase the public understanding and enjoyment of the area’s special qualities, apply the Sandford prin - ciple and pursue a socio-economic duty mirroring that of National Park Authorities. In 1997, after many years of discussion, the Government sought advice on how National Parks for Scotland could best operate. There was an extensive programme of fact-finding and consultation, including many meetings, seminars and conferences, which drew some 450 well argued responses from individuals, communities and organisations from across the country. The outcome of the debate was the seizing of an opportunity for rural communities, land managers and businesses to create a more effective national-local contract in the running of two new national parks. Loch Lomand and the Trossachs National Park to the north-west of Glasgow was created in April 2003. The Cairngorms National Park, located in the Highlands, followed six months later in October 2003. The four purposes of the newly established Scottish parks are to: conserve and enhance the natural and cultural heritage; promote sustainable use of the natural resources; promote understanding and enjoyment of the area’s special qualities; and promote sustainable social and economic development of the area’s communities. Scottish Park Authorities are required to pursue these aims in a collective and coordinated way, and have a range of powers to achieve this. If conflict arises between these aims the legislation gives priority to conservation. Similarly, some of Scotland’s Regional Parks have developed a social and economic role linked to their recreational function. These differences between the countries of the UK illustrate a varied approach to the pursuit of social, economic and environmental aims within its Protected Landscapes. While some believe that a sustainable development agenda implies that these aims should be met in a mutually reinforcing manner within these areas, others fear this would compromise the special status of the Protected Landscapes. The new Scottish National Parks are therefore of particular interest. Though there is an over-riding duty to protect the parks and their resources, it remains to be seen if the ‘fourth aim’ puts conservation objectives at risk, or if it helps secure local people’s commitment to the National Park, and its protection and management. The Scottish approach will be closely watched throughout the UK, particularly in Northern Ireland, as those tasked with moving towards designating the Mourne mountains seek a balance 123
Page 1 and 2:
IUCN World Commission on Protected
Page 3 and 4:
The Protected Landscape Approach Li
Page 5 and 6:
Dedication This publication is dedi
Page 7 and 8:
The Protected Landscape Approach: L
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Part I Introduction and global over
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
4. From pre-assumptions to a ‘jus
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
Page 79 and 80:
5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
Page 81 and 82: 5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
Page 93 and 94: Part II Case studies from around th
Page 95 and 96: The Protected Landscape Approach: L
Page 117 and 118: 8. Pastoralists, conservation and l
Page 129 and 130: 9. Protected landscapes in the Unit
Page 131: 9. Protected landscapes in the Unit
Page 141 and 142: 10. Sustaining rural landscapes and
Page 157 and 158: 11. Cultural landscapes of the Ande
Page 173 and 174: 12. Protecting landscapes and seasc
Page 183 and 184:
12. Protecting landscapes and seasc
Page 185 and 186:
12. Protecting landscapes and seasc
Page 187 and 188:
Colour plates The terraced landscap
Page 189 and 190:
Colour plates Sagarmatha National P
Page 191 and 192:
Colour plates Ebey’s Landing Nati
Page 193 and 194:
Colour plates Artisan, Mata Atlanti
Page 195 and 196:
Colour plates Forest of Bowland Are
Page 197 and 198:
Colour plates Fruit orchards are a
Page 199 and 200:
13. Protected landscapes and seasca
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Part III The way forward
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
Page 281 and 282:
Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
Page 283 and 284:
Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
Page 285 and 286:
Appendices Country Title of World H
Page 287:
IUCN - The World Conservation Union
show all

The Protected Landscape Approach - Centre for Mediterranean ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?