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14. Collaborative management of protected landscapes Box 1. Proposed Champlain-Richelieu Valley International Heritage Corridor, United States and Canada – a Transboundary Protected Landscape This transboundary historic waterway, which since North American colonial times has formed a crucial historical link between the Upper Hudson River Valley and Canada’s St. Lawrence River, encompasses Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River, and associated cultural landscape. The Champlain-Richelieu Valley (New York and Vermont in the USA; Quebec Province, Canada) consists of two regionally important watersheds. It is rich in cultural resources as well as natural resources and impressive scenery. Cultural resources include sites of aboriginal people, colonial settlements, forts, naval battle sites and industrial development dating from Samuel de Champlain’s initial voyage to the area in 1603 through the Industrial Revolution. The landscapes and historical heritage record a formative part of the history of the United States and Canada, as many major battles were fought along this corridor. Other sites reflect the relationships among early French and English explorers and settlers, First Nations peoples, and the history of the impact of human activity on the natural landscape (Drost 2001a). This cultural landscape has been shaped over the past two centuries by farming, forestry and transportation along its waterways. Much of the land is still under agriculture, with small dairy farms characterizing the region in Vermont and New York, and larger-scale crop production more typical of farmland in Quebec. Tourism is important to the local economy, and the area attracts visitors from the nearby urban centres of Montreal and Albany as well as more distant locations in the USA, Canada, and abroad. The Champlain-Richelieu Valley is being considered for designation as an international heritage corridor. This would involve designation in the United States as a National Heritage Corridor, and a comparable designation in Canada. On the US side, the National Park Service conducted a special resource study and held a series of workshops and public meetings to obtain input from a wide range of local stakeholders. Legislation establishing a national heritage area in the valley is currently before Congress. A parallel process is underway in Canada among the Canadian federal government, the Quebec provincial government, and regional governmental stakeholders. The Champlain-Richelieu Valley offers an important opportunity to test the Category V approach in a transboundary region where a Category II protected area would likely meet strong local resistance. There are many challenges to achieving designa tion and a workable management plan for a transboundary area of this scale, encompassing two countries, two states and one province, and hundreds of local governments. The various political entities on either side of the border have different mandates, and this presents a significant challenge in creating effective administrative structures. Nevertheless, experience in the Champlain-Richelieu region demonstrates that public participation can help build local support for designation, enhance communication and foster mutual understanding among diverse communities across political boundaries. In the Champlain-Richelieu Valley, com - munities and residents have already begun voluntary approaches to protect natural and cultural resources, including private land conservation (e.g., conservation easements and agri cultural preser - vation re strictions) and public-private partnerships. This initiative is helping to protect the natural and cultural richness of the landscape, linking communities across political boundaries to their shared history and reminding local residents and visitors of the diverse cultures that have inhabited the region (Drost, 2001b; Drost et al., 2002). The John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, listed by IUCN as Category V, was designated by the US Congress in 1986 to preserve and interpret for present and future generations the nationally significant values of the Blackstone Valley. The designa - tion encompasses nearly 400,000 acres located within central Massachusetts and northern Rhode Island, along 46 miles of the Blackstone River and includes 24 cities, towns, villages and almost one million people. The valley’s distinctive character was shaped by the American 193
The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community The John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor (Rhode Island and Massachusetts) is one of 24 national heritage areas in the United States. The Valley’s distinctive character was shaped by the American Industrial Revolution. U.S. National Park Service Industrial Revolution, which transformed the Blackstone Valley’s landscape. Linked by the Blackstone Canal, many historic features from this era still exist, including mill villages, roads, trails, dams and millponds. The Industrial Revolution also left behind dis tinctive living landscapes of neighbourhoods where ethnic traditions, languages and foods are still important parts of the culture. The Blackstone River Valley Corridor’s natural areas – hilltop vistas, glacial outcroppings, verdant valleys and fields, and abundant water bodies – provide habitat for indigenous and migrating wildlife species and recreational opportunities for residents and visitors (Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Commission, 1998). The heritage corridor designation has three broad purposes: to enhance and protect cultural landscapes and natural resource values, to improve public understanding and heritage appre - ciation, and to stimulate community and economic development. In the legislation establishing the heritage area, Congress established a Corridor Commission to provide a management framework to engage the National Park Service, the state governments of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, dozens of local municipalities, businesses, nonprofit historical and environ - mental organizations, educational institutions, and many private citizens in working together to protect the Valley’s special identity, develop and implement management programmes, and prepare for its future (Creasey, 2001). 194
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IUCN World Commission on Protected
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Dedication This publication is dedi
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Part I Introduction and global over
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3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
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5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
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Part II Case studies from around th
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11. Cultural landscapes of the Ande
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Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
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Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
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Appendices Country Title of World H
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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