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The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community “focal points” have been defined as being nodal conservation areas that have already been established, as well as other bio-culturally rich areas in need of conservation. The Ruta Sagrada del Cóndor’s focal points will include, among others: (a) Micro-centres of crop origin and diversity (e.g., Vavilov centres); (b) Areas of high biological diversity (including biodiversity “hot spots,” and critical and vulnerable areas); (c) Outstanding mountain ecosystems (including high-mountain wetlands, native forests, and grasslands; (d) Cultural areas (including sacred sites, archaeological centres, World Heritage Sites and other cultural landmarks e.g., places where there is a strong craft tradition, such as pottery and weaving); and (e) Existing protected areas (including national parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves). Some of the focal points have already been established by virtue of being part of the newly created regional network of Ethnobotanical Sister Gardens, which was endorsed by the International Society of Ethnobiology during the VII International Congress of Ethnobiology in 2000. An Ethnobotanical Garden is a specialized botanical collection that allows traditional knowledge and ancestral practices to be maintained in the growing of plants used with medicinal, economical or cultural purposes. Most of the varieties selected as domesticated plants in the Andes have indeed developed as heirloom plants. The Ruta Sagrada del Cóndor-Wiracocha will be implemented and managed by local communities themselves. Both the specific focal points and the larger protected landscapes making up the route will be based on the traditions and knowledge of the native peoples as well as experience from the network of Ethnobotanical Sister Gardens, the sister gardens being demonstration sites for cultural landscape conservation exercises. As some of the focal points of the route, the ethno-botanical gardens will offer examples of different conservation ap - proaches and management goals along the route. Linkages with the already established focal points will be made in collaboration with conservation authorities in each country and arrangements will include strategies to ensure effective participation of local people in the management of such areas (Sarmiento et al., 2000). The project will incorporate the goals of equity and poverty reduction of the indigenous peoples along the route. An ecotourism and indigenous tourism plan will be developed to provide economic incentives for conservation, especially by adding value to local biodiversity and landscape features. In the current debate, indigenous and traditional people have an important locus in the political agenda of sustainable development scenarios in Latin America. Beltrán (2000) analyses the relationship between indigenous and traditional peoples and protected areas, presenting the conflict between the goals of nature conservation and the needs and wants of the human population that depends on it, living within or around the protected area. The case studies that follow demonstrate conservation of natural and cultural heritage in three distinct settings, whose characteristics exemplify the diversity of communities and landscapes in the Andean region. 150
11. Cultural landscapes of the Andes In the heart of the Pisac valley (Peru), six Quechua communities are working together with the NGO ANDES to create an Andean Community-Conserved Area, El Parque de la Papa (Potato Park), using an integrated landscape approach that links traditional agricultural landscapes with high mountain native forests, grasslands and wetlands. Jessica Brown Empowering communities and safeguarding ethnoecological heritage in the Pisac Valley, Peru Community self-determination and safe-guarding traditional knowledge, practices and in - novation systems are central to an initiative to create a Community-Conserved Area in the Sacred Valley of the Incas in Pisac, in the southern Peruvian Andes. This effort is led by the Quechua-Aymara Association for Sustainable Livelihoods (ANDES), a Cusco-based in digen - ous NGO working on developing innovative landscape-based conservation models by adapt ing traditional management practices and indigenous knowledge systems into com prehensive and sui generis plans for the conservation of Andean biodiversity and ecosystems. Since Inca times, the character of the Sacred Valley landscape has remained essentially agricultural. The area (about 45km northeast of Cuzco) is a recognised micro-centre of origin for potatoes, with more than 2,300 cultivars of potato (from a global total of 4,000) being grown (Devaux and Thiele, 2002). At the heart of this cultural landscape, ANDES and six Quechua 151
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IUCN World Commission on Protected
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The Protected Landscape Approach Li
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Dedication This publication is dedi
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The Protected Landscape Approach: L
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Part I Introduction and global over
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3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
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4. From pre-assumptions to a ‘jus
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5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
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Part II Case studies from around th
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Part III The way forward
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Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
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Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
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Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
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Appendices Country Title of World H
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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