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17. Conclusions – the protected landscape approach groups and often demanding a highly sensitive approach.” This approach involves un pre - cedented cooperation and partnerships across many sectors on a landscape and among many organizations at the local, regional, national and international levels. Working on large-scale landscapes relies on coordination among key stakeholders, across a diversity of land uses and land ownership, and often involving multiple types of designation and corresponding legis - lation. This approach to conservation also rests on managing – even embracing – change, since landscapes and associated societies are dynamic systems that rely on social and economic viability for survival. For many cultures, they are finding the balance between the past, present and future, between continuity and change, or as Villalón describes it “weaving tradition with the present.” The concept of adaptive management is applicable as the lessons learned can provide feedback for constant improvement based on experience (Phillips, 2002). The threats and challenges facing conservation are indeed myriad, yet the will of many who strive for a vision of a sustainable society is powerful. Ultimately, to meet these challenges, new approaches and new leadership are needed. It is through the type of innovation demon - strated by these case studies and the hope of these new directions that a way forward for conservation can be crafted. A way forward The protected landscape approach is a “new face” for conservation. Most fundamentally, the goals for conservation are dramatically expanded from protection of nature and biodiversity to include a broader cultural context and social agenda. For it is within this broader context that a wide diversity of people can find their connection to biological and cultural heritage, and commit to stewardship. The protected landscape approach is a process that accommodates and guides change. This approach creates networks across the landscape and respects the relation - ships between people and place. These large-scale landscapes are cohesive venues for con ser - vation due to their regional identity, shared history or culture, and shared ecosystem boundaries. These are complex landscapes with multiple values where nature and culture exist alongside human communities, often for many generations. In many cases, the value of the landscape is intimately influenced by the interaction with people over time, and the protection of the landscape requires sustaining this relationship and associated stewardship. Langshaw field barn, North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, England. The protected landscape approach creates networks across the landscape, sustains cultural and natural values, and helps to guide change. Countryside Agency/Charlie Hedley 245
The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community The characteristics of this approach are described in an earlier section of this chapter. These together constitute a framework of principles and best practices for the protected landscape approach (Table 3). This framework, while drawn directly from this set of international case studies, has much in common with findings of other recent discussions on new directions in conservation (Minteer and Manning, 2003; Mitchell, Hudson and Jones, 2003; UNESCO, 2003; WPC outputs such as the Durban Accord; Phillips, 2002; Stolton and Dudley, 1999). This contemporary body of work further reinforces and validates this set of best practices and principles for the future of conservation. Table 3. Framework for the protected landscape approach Characteristics of place 1. Bioregional with a mosaic of designations and land uses 2. Interrelationship of nature and culture 3. Relationship between tangible and intangible values Characteristics of process 4. Community-based, inclusive and participatory 5. Cross-sectoral partnerships 6. Planning and legal frameworks for engagement through equity and governance 7. Contributes to sustainable society Cultivating new leadership among key stakeholders is essential to implementing this approach more broadly. There is a need for committed and competent leaders who share a vision of sustainability, are open to learning, and seek cooperation with regional, national and international networks. Hughes explores various models for leadership development and emphasises the role of exchange for learning and fostering new ideas. Kundrata and Huskova note the success of both regional and international exchange in inspiring inventiveness and conservation action. Both Phillips and Rössler describe the opportunities for creating new institutional linkages among international organizations and building networks among pro - tected area stewards as a means of sharing and advancing this protected landscape approach. Collectively, the experiences described in this volume show how the protected landscape approach can transform places through innovation and creativity. By using experimentation to meet new challenges and learning through adaptive management, these landscapes can serve as “seed beds” for developing new models of sustainability and strengthening civil society. IUCN President Yolanda Kakabadse, quoted in the chapter by Phillips, has written that the protected landscape approach “is not a soft option [since] managing the interface between people and nature is just about the toughest challenge facing society,” and is “an idea whose time has come”. It is an idea that people are at the heart of conservation and it is their commitment to stewardship that makes the stories presented here stories of hope. With a protected landscape approach, conservation has meaning in people’s lives, becomes more relevant to a larger constituency, and contributes to a sustainable future. 246
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IUCN World Commission on Protected
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The Protected Landscape Approach Li
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Dedication This publication is dedi
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Part I Introduction and global over
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3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
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5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
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Part II Case studies from around th
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9. Protected landscapes in the Unit
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11. Cultural landscapes of the Ande
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12. Protecting landscapes and seasc
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Colour plates The terraced landscap
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