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The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community Categories I to IV, and the second group refers primarily to Categories V and VI; Biosphere Reserves, corridors and mosaics are also included as part of the system, recognised as special protected areas, which are complementary to the conservation units. The legislation defines a conservation unit (UC) as: …a territorial space and its environmental resources, including jurisdictional waters, with significant natural characteristics, legally instituted by Government, with defined purposes for conservation and limits as well, under a special regimen for its administration, on which appropriate warranties of protection are applied (Federal Law 9985/ 2000) The Integral Protection conservation units encompass several types of protected areas, including National Parks and State Parks. In most cases, Brazilian National Parks and State parks involve people within their limits, including traditional and rural communities and other groups that may need support in reinforcing their stewardship of the area’s heritage, and meeting sustainable development objectives. In the second group, Sustainable Use, the recent legislation has created new categories with a strong emphasis on sustainable development. These include Extractive Reserves, which correspond with Category VI (refer to Maretti’s chapter in this volume for more on Extractive Reserves, and Brazil’s experience with this model), and the Environmental Protection Areas – Areas de Proteção Ambiental or APAs – which correspond with Category V. In the same law there is a separate chapter about Special Protected Areas, where the Biosphere Reserves are defined. Table 1 presents all the federal designations in Brazil’s national system of conservation units. Table 1. Brazil’s national system of protected areas – SNUC Integral protection Ecological Station Biological Reserve National Park (State, Local) Natural Monument Sylvan Wildlife Refuge Sustainable use Objectives Ownership Uses allowed Environmental Protection Area (large, with human occupation; cultural, aesthetic and biotic attractions) Nature preservation; scientific research Integral preservation; no human interference Preservation of natural ecosystems and scenic beauty Preservation of rare natural sites; great scenic beauty Natural environment protected for species reproduction or flora/fauna communities Protection of biological diversity; regulating occupation; ensuring the sustainability of natural resources; improving inhabitants’ living conditions. Public property Public property Public property Public or private (expropriated) Public or private (expropriated) Scientific research; educational visits Scientific research; educational visits Scientific research; recreation; tourism; education Public access under authorization Public access under authorization Public or private Fed. law n. 6938/81 and other regulations, according to objectives 166
12. Protecting landscapes and seascapes: experience from coastal regions of Brazil Table 1. Brazil’s national system of protected areas – SNUC (cont.) Integral protection Sustainable use Objectives Ownership Uses allowed Relevant Ecological Interest Area (little or no occupation; extraordinary natural characteristics; regional biota) National Forest (predominance of native species) Extractive Reserve (used by indigenous people, who depend on it for subsistence) Fauna Reserve (natural area with native species, terrestrial or aquatic) Sustainable Development Reserve Private Natural Heritage Reserve Maintenance of natural eco-systems of regional importance; use regulated according to nature conservation requirements Sustainable multiple use of forest resources; scientific research into sustainable methods Protection of local people’s ways of life and culture; ensuring sustainable use of natural resources Technical and scientific studies about sustainable economical management of fauna resources Preserving nature and ensuring suitable conditions for species reproduction; to improve quality of life; permits resource use by indigenous people; supports traditional knowledge about resource management To conserve ecological diversity Public or private (possibility of expropriation) Public (expropriation) Public property; use conceded to traditional people: specific regulation by contract. Public or private (expropriation) Public private (expropriation) contract Private area protected in perpetuity in the public interest Under rules for private land use, according to objectives Those of the indigenous population before the creation of the PA; scientific research allowed and encouraged Public access conducive to local interests; management plan; scientific research; sustainable exploitation of natural resources Public access under authorization; regulated commercial activity Use by indigenous people according to specific regulations, visiting allowed and encouraged; research allowed and encouraged; limits on numbers of occupants (or resident population); cultivation according to zoning Scientific research; tourism; recreation; education 167
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IUCN World Commission on Protected
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The Protected Landscape Approach Li
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Dedication This publication is dedi
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The Protected Landscape Approach: L
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Part I Introduction and global over
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3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
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4. From pre-assumptions to a ‘jus
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5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
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Part II Case studies from around th
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8. Pastoralists, conservation and l
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Part III The way forward
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Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
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Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
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Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
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Appendices Country Title of World H
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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