The Protected Landscape Approach - Centre for Mediterranean ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community indigenous groups, history is a more significant issue, since this strong culture includes in its essence the protection of the environment, and this guides their conduct (Rodríguez, 2000). The de facto Category V management of some areas of the greater Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta conservation area should recognise the importance of becoming compliant with inter - national guidelines for Protected Landscapes. A regulatory and statutory conservation clas - sification inside Colombia should favour incorporating a de jure designation for Category V areas such as the Sierra Nevada, allowing for alternative management in the hands of in - digenous people, instead of relying on a park authority that has difficulty controlling the area. Facing the reality of traditional colono landscape management The Cumanda Ethnobotanical Reserve within the upper Quijos River valley near Baeza, Ecuador portrays a landscape that has been exposed to different management regimes, and that illustrates the impact of colono culture in the taming of montane wilderness in the equatorial mountains. The image of those tropical montane cloud forests has always been confused with pristine and untouched virgin mountains in the headwaters of the Amazon River. However, the so-called pristine forests hide the human imprint that people have left in many sites of the cloud forest belt and that just now are becoming known thanks to archaeological findings and new remote sensing technology that can detect built structures in the landscape. The Quijos valley The landscapes of the Quijos River Valley (Ecuador), a “gateway to the Amazon,” and surrounding valleys have been exposed to an array of management regimes. The Quijos Valley has the largest expanse of protected areas in Ecuador in three sites: Antisana Ecological Reserve, Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve, and Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park and Biosphere Reserve. Jessica Brown 158
11. Cultural landscapes of the Andes watershed constitutes one of only three main access routes into the Ecuadorian Amazon. This “gateway to the Amazon” has attracted consecutive waves of exploration and settlement: from early 16th century Spanish explorers, to the more recent incursions of colonos, colonists from other areas of Ecuador, particularly the provinces of Loja and Manabi, which followed the opening up of the valley in the 1970s with the construction of roads to reach oil fields lower in the Amazon forest. The most recent wave of exploration takes the form of (eco)tourism, attracted here by the region’s spectacular rich biological and cultural diversity. In Ecuador public land management regimes are perhaps the most common approach to addressing tourism and resource management issues; typically these have followed the North American model for national parks. The Quijos Valley has the largest expanse of protected areas in Ecuador, with approximately 94% of the territory of the basin under official protection in three sites: Antisana Ecological Reserve; Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve; and Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park and Biosphere Reserve. The rest of the territory is located in the centre of these three conservation areas, an arrangement that resembles a reversal of the Biosphere Reserve model in which the core is pristine, a buffer zone surrounds the centre and extensive usage occurs in the periphery. In the Quijos river valley, the core pristine areas surround the valley in the upper limits of the watershed, and the valley serves as a kind of buffer zone. The Cumanda Ethnobotanical Reserve is located in this area, flanked by a colonization front that has gone from timber exploitation, to the agricultural based naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) boom, dairy production, and most recently, adventure and ecotourism, including trout fishing, whitewater rafting, trekking and bird watching. The “reverse” Biosphere Reserve model of the Quijos river basin fits perfectly with the principles of a Category V protected landscape, because it helps consolidate a huge con - servation corridor (within what has been proposed by The Nature Conservancy as the Condor Bioreserve) and encompasses cultural features, such as the grasslands of the páramos and archaeological features of the indigenous cultures that lived in the area since before the Spanish conquest. In the páramo, land is held communally. In fact, decisions regarding access to the páramo and its use, and maintenance (through controlled burning and grazing) are taken by each community as a whole during assemblies, called Mingas, which are held periodically. A duty roster is also maintained, assigning, on a rotational basis, a member of the community to care for the cattle grazing on the páramo. As a typical Andean social structure, a group of neighbours in the comarca or a related extended family group or Ayllu meet together on the property of one of them. All work there for free with the understanding that, someday in the near future, their turn will come, so that the group will come to their own parcels or chacras and help with their work. This is particularly important for preparing the land for planting, for removing fuelwood, for harvesting, and for other building necessities such as irrigation channel main tenance, terracing for soil erosion control, or the edification of storage rooms, or outlet stores on site. Mingas are frequently held to carry out various projects that benefit the whole community and also act to reinforce reciprocal relations and ties in the communities. In this way, traditional Andean beliefs and customs that have survived the hacienda rule are still very much alive in the communities of Jamanco, Oyacachi and El Tambo, and are reflected in the surrounding landscape. All three of these communities are experimenting with tourism. Both Oyacachi and Jamanco have built rudimentary thermal bath resorts to attract visitors, while El Tambo offers guided 159
Page 1 and 2:
IUCN World Commission on Protected
Page 3 and 4:
The Protected Landscape Approach Li
Page 5 and 6:
Dedication This publication is dedi
Page 7 and 8:
The Protected Landscape Approach: L
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Part I Introduction and global over
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
4. From pre-assumptions to a ‘jus
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Part II Case studies from around th
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118: 8. Pastoralists, conservation and l
Page 129 and 130: 9. Protected landscapes in the Unit
Page 141 and 142: 10. Sustaining rural landscapes and
Page 157 and 158: 11. Cultural landscapes of the Ande
Page 167: 11. Cultural landscapes of the Ande
Page 173 and 174: 12. Protecting landscapes and seasc
Page 187 and 188: Colour plates The terraced landscap
Page 189 and 190: Colour plates Sagarmatha National P
Page 191 and 192: Colour plates Ebey’s Landing Nati
Page 193 and 194: Colour plates Artisan, Mata Atlanti
Page 195 and 196: Colour plates Forest of Bowland Are
Page 197 and 198: Colour plates Fruit orchards are a
Page 199 and 200: 13. Protected landscapes and seasca
Page 211 and 212: The Protected Landscape Approach: L
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Part III The way forward
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
Page 281 and 282:
Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
Page 283 and 284:
Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
Page 285 and 286:
Appendices Country Title of World H
Page 287:
IUCN - The World Conservation Union
show all

The Protected Landscape Approach - Centre for Mediterranean ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?