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2. Landscape as a meeting ground Table 3. World Heritage Cultural Landscapes and IUCN management categories of protected areas Number of WH Cultural Landscape Sites Protected Area Category of WH Cultural Landscape 8 II (includes three transboundary sites: two consist of two Category II Protected Areas, one is a Category II and a Category V site) 2.5 IV (one is partly Category V) none 8.5 V (one is partly Category IV and one is part of a transboundary site, the other part of which is Category II) 3 Number which are also WH Natural Sites none 17 none none Total = 36 19 3 Table 3 shows that many World Heritage Cultural Landscapes coincide in whole or in part with established protected areas. Three of these, Tongariro (New Zealand), Uluru (Australia) and Mt Perdu (France/Spain), contain natural values that are so important that they have been inscribed as World Heritage properties under both natural and cultural criteria. These three areas, and another 16 of the 36 sites on the list, (see right hand column in Appendix 6) are recognised as national parks or designated as other kinds of protected area under national legislation. In other words, more than half of all World Heritage Cultural Landscapes currently inscribed on the UN List have natural values that are considered sufficiently important to merit their designation, by national or provincial authorities, as protected areas (in the sense defined above by IUCN). In addition, there are also other Cultural Landscapes where the country concerned has not yet taken action to identify and protect natural values in a formal way at the site under protected area legislation, but where World Heritage measures should have the same effect. The Philippines Rice Terraces is a case in point. Appendix 6 also relates the three categories of World Heritage Cultural Landscapes (see Appendix 4) to the six IUCN management categories of the associated protected areas (see Appendix 1). This information is summarised in Table 4 below. Finally it is possible to combine the analyses above and in Tables 3 and 4, and Appendix 6, to attempt a typology of relationships as set out in Table 5 below. At this stage it should be regarded as a preliminary exercise only. The following general conclusions can be drawn from Tables 4 and 5: The most common category of Cultural Landscape is Category 2b (Continuing Organically Evolved Cultural Landscape); Most of these areas coincide with a protected area, most commonly one in Category II (National Park) and V (Protected Landscape/Seascape). It therefore follows that a fruitful partnership can be developed between those working on Category V protected areas and those engaged in work on World Heritage Cultural 29
The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community Landscapes, especially those working with Continuing Organically Evolved Cultural Landscapes. Table 4. Cultural landscape categories and management categories of protected areas Category of WH Cultural Landscape IUCN PA management category II IUCN PA management category IV IUCN PA management category V No IUCN PA management category Total Category 1 nil nil 1.0 4.5 5.5 Category 2a nil nil 0.5 2.0 2.5 Category 2b 6.5 2.5 6.5 6.0 21.5 Category 3 2.0 nil nil 4.5 6.5 Total 8.5 2.5 8.0 17.0 36.0 Note – 0.5 indicates that the site in question is classified under two WH CL categories and/or under two IUCN protected area management categories Table 5. Suggested typology of relationships between World Heritage Cultural Landscapes and protected areas Type of relationship Mixed site CL with nationally important biodiversity values CL with nationally important landscape values Some coincidence of interest Characteristics of relationship Site is inscribed under both natural and cultural values Whole site or most of site has recognition at national level primarily for biodiversity conservation (Category II and IV) Whole or most of site has recognition at national level primarily for landscape conservation (Category V) Part of site is designated for natural values World Heritage Cultural Landscapes (abbreviated title) Uluru, Pyrénées-Mont Perdu, Tongariro Fertö/Neusiedlersee (H), Viñales Valley, Hortobágy National Park, Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Curonian Spit, Mapungubwe, Matobo Hills Wachau, Loire Valley, Upper Middle Rhine Valley, Fertö/Neusiedlersee (A), Tokaj Wine Region, Cinque Terre, Cilento and Vallo di Diano, Sintra Hallstatt-Dachstein, Southern Öland 30
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Page 15 and 16: Part I Introduction and global over
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Part II Case studies from around th
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Part III The way forward
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Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
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Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
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Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
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Appendices Country Title of World H
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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