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The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community Frýdlantsko and the Northern Jizerské hory Mountains The work of the Society for the Jizera Mountains, the Frýdlantsko Association and other civic associations illustrates the important role of NGOs in encouraging sustainable economic development within a protected landscape. The Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape (CHKO-Jizerské hory) is a protected area of 368km 2 designated in 1967. The most valuable ecosystems preserved up until now are mixed beech forest on the steep northern slopes of the mountains, and also unique peat-bog remnants on the top plateau of the protected landscape (around 1000m above sea level). There are some 30 nature reserves, natural monuments and other designations of varying sizes within the pro - tected landscape. The area is rich in cultural as well as natural heritage. The mountain landscape is complemented by agricultural land-use in the foothills and by the unique local architecture. The Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape Area (PLA) is located in the Frýdlantsko region, in the northernmost tip of the Czech Republic, an area surrounded on three sides by the Polish border, with the German border not far away. The Jizerské hory Mountains act as an imposing natural barrier, which separates the region from the rest of the Czech Republic to the south. Frýdlantsko comprises the foothills of the most valuable part of Jizerské hory Mountains – the deep beech woodlands of the northern slopes – and opens out onto the Luice (Lausitzer) Lowlands. However, the area is threatened by environmental problems, including air pollution and acid rain due to burning brown coal in surrounding power plants in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. These air quality problems, which date back to the 1950s, have had a devastating impact on the region’s forests, and particularly its fragile montane ecosystems. A major portion of the forest ecosystems (originally mixed forest re-planted as spruce mono cultures during the 18th century) have declined due to air pollution and acid rain. Other problems include depletion of soil and water quality due to agricultural chemicals, and flooding of rivers, as upland forests are reduced. Today the quality of the region’s environment is slowly improving, with the shutting down of the neighbouring power plants. Restoration of the region’s dead and dying forests is one of the major challenges facing the management of the Protected Landscape Area. Other challenges including maintaining ex - tensive agriculture in the buffer zones of the PLA and regulating tourism pressures. There are 24,500 permanent residents living in 18 communities in the Frýdlantsko region, the largest of which is Frýdlant with about 8,000 inhabitants. In the past Frýdlantsko had been a rich region, with successful agriculture and a textile industry, benefiting from the easy connection to the Lužice region in the north. However, most of the original German inhabitants were forced to leave after World War II in 1945 and the border became a barrier, with the result that the historical land-use patterns (e.g., agriculture and forestry) were interrupted. Today, the region faces many economic and social problems due to the closing of its textile factories, the collapse of agriculture, and a high unemployment rate (above 20% in some communities). Among much of the population, education levels, job training and employment qualifications are low, and many young people are leaving the region in search of new opportunities. Since 1989 many NGOs have emerged in the region, several of them focused on environ - mental issues. The Foundation for the Jizera Mountains, probably the most important of them, was established in 1993. The Foundation has worked in close cooperation with the PLA 142
10. Sustaining rural landscapes and building civil society The fragile montane ecosystems of the Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) are threatened by air pollution and acid rain. Restoration of the region’s forests is a major management challenge in this Protected Landscape. Siegfried Weiss administration since 1993 on projects to revitalize forest ecosystems within the Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape. By combining the financial resources of the Foundation with the legislative power and expertise of the PLA, significant progress has been made. The Foundation has also been supporting the work of several local NGOs active in reforestation, nature and heritage protection. A rural community development initiative catalysed by international exchange The 1997 Landscape Stewardship Exchange that the Foundation for the Jizera Mountains helped organize in Frdlant, and a subsequent visit of New England community leaders to the region, proved to be an important turning point in the development of the foundation, and possibly of the region as well (see Box 1). The Landscape Stewardship Exchange focused on management of the Smd River, which had caused devastating floods in the foothills, and how the protected landscape can co-exist with local communities. The expert team that spent a week in the region meeting with local leaders included participants from New England, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. As a representative of a regional development agency observed: 143
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IUCN World Commission on Protected
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The Protected Landscape Approach Li
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Dedication This publication is dedi
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The Protected Landscape Approach: L
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Part I Introduction and global over
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3. World Heritage Cultural Landscap
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4. From pre-assumptions to a ‘jus
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5. Conserving “unprotected” pro
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Part II Case studies from around th
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Part III The way forward
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Appendix 1 IUCN Protected Area Mana
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Appendix 3 Guidelines for Category
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Appendix 5 Evaluation of Cultural L
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Appendices Country Title of World H
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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