Chapter I framework to enable fur<strong>the</strong>r detailed planning. The planning process, both iterative and collaborative, facilitates <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> options to effectively meet <strong>the</strong> complex challenges facing joint <strong>for</strong>ces throughout <strong>the</strong> world. d. The body <strong>of</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation and understanding created during planning allows CCDRs and <strong>the</strong>ir subordinate JFCs and <strong>the</strong>ir staffs to adapt to uncertain and changing environments and to anticipate and rapidly act in crisis situations. Joint operation planning produces multiple options to employ <strong>the</strong> US military and to integrate US military actions with o<strong>the</strong>r instruments <strong>of</strong> US national power in time, space, and purpose to achieve global strategic end states. Planning also identifies and aligns resources with military actions, providing a framework to identify and mitigate risk. The CCDRs’ participation in <strong>the</strong> Joint Strategic Planning System (JSPS) and APEX system helps to ensure that warfighting and peacetime operational concerns are emphasized in all planning documents. e. Joint operation planning is fundamental to assessing risk and identifying mitigation strategies. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> developing multiple options to meet strategic and military end states and objectives, JFCs and <strong>the</strong>ir planning staffs, as well as <strong>the</strong> larger <strong>JP</strong>EC, identify and communicate shortfalls in DOD’s ability to resource, execute, and sustain <strong>the</strong> military operations contained in <strong>the</strong> plan as well as <strong>the</strong> necessary actions to reduce or mitigate risk. JFCs communicate risk to senior leadership. Risk is rarely eliminated, but through planning, preparation, and constant assessment, risk can be mitigated and managed. f. Joint operation planning and planning <strong>for</strong> a campaign are not separate planning types or processes. Joint operation planning encompasses planning <strong>for</strong> any type <strong>of</strong> joint operation, such as small-scale, short-duration strike or raid; an operation that typically does not involve combat such as nation assistance; and large-scale, long-duration campaigns. Functional components (air, land, maritime, and special operations [SO]), Service components, and CSAs do not plan campaigns, but instead plan and conduct subordinate and supporting operations to campaign plans. g. Joint operation planning requires <strong>the</strong> support <strong>of</strong> a wide array <strong>of</strong> staff expertise (personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, communications, etc.) to provide JFCs with a thoughtful and coordinated product. Joint operation planning should be synchronized with national planning, so that interagency inputs are used in conjunction with military plans to reach strategic and military end states. For more in<strong>for</strong>mation, refer to <strong>JP</strong> 5-0, Joint Operation Planning; <strong>JP</strong> 1-0, Joint Personnel Support; <strong>JP</strong> 2-0, Joint Intelligence; <strong>JP</strong> 3-0, Joint Operations; <strong>JP</strong> 4-0, Joint Logistics; and <strong>JP</strong> 6-0, Joint Communications System. 13. Law <strong>of</strong> War It is DOD policy that <strong>the</strong> <strong>Armed</strong> <strong>Forces</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>United</strong> <strong>States</strong> will adhere to <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> war, <strong>of</strong>ten called <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> armed conflict, during all military operations. The law <strong>of</strong> war is <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> law that regulates both <strong>the</strong> legal and customary justifications <strong>for</strong> utilizing <strong>for</strong>ce and <strong>the</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong> armed hostilities; it is binding on <strong>the</strong> US and its individual citizens. It includes treaties and international agreements to which <strong>the</strong> US is a party, as well as I-20 <strong>JP</strong> 1
Theory and Foundations applicable customary international law. It specifically applies to all cases <strong>of</strong> declared war or any o<strong>the</strong>r armed conflict involving <strong>the</strong> US; by policy, <strong>the</strong> principles and spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> war apply to all o<strong>the</strong>r military operations short <strong>of</strong> armed conflict. CCDRs must be particularly aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> any conflict and <strong>the</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> adversarial combatants and noncombatants (e.g., medical and chaplain personnel). For fur<strong>the</strong>r guidance on <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> war, refer to Chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Joint Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5810.01, Implementation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DOD Law <strong>of</strong> War Program, and <strong>JP</strong> 1- 04, Legal Support to Military Operations. I-21