W O R L D R E S O U R C E S 2 0 0 8Local government, 6, 11, 72accountability and, 93in Bangladesh, 124importance <strong>of</strong>, 24–25reconciling with role <strong>of</strong> resource management organizations, 163resource management organizations working with, 163Local institutions, 24, 53, 71–77, 72, 94.See also Local governmentaccountability, lack <strong>of</strong>, 76assessment <strong>of</strong>, 77capacity development, need for, 75, 77, 162–163challenges and limitations <strong>of</strong>, 73, 76–77, 163definition <strong>of</strong>, 71–72, 72example <strong>of</strong>, 74–75inclusiveness, lack <strong>of</strong>, 76–77maturation period for, 163resources and connections, lack <strong>of</strong>, 75strengths <strong>of</strong>, 72–73Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs)in Fiji, 38–45. See also Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area(FLMMA)in o<strong>the</strong>r Asia-Pacific countries, 38, 39MMA. See Millennium Ecosystem AssessmentMACH (Management <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Ecosystems throughCommunity Husbandry). See Bangladesh inland fisheriesMacro level challenges, 168MadagascarAndavadoaka Fisherman’s Cooperative, 18Equator Prize in, 57Majjia Valley Project (Niger), 145, 146Malaria, 185Malaysia, palm oil business in, 168Mali, conservation and regeneration projects in, 156–157Management <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Ecosystems through CommunityHusbandry (MACH). See Bangladesh inland fisheriesMAOCO. See Costa Rican Organic Agricultural MovementMaradi Integrated Development project (MIDP, Niger),146–147, 154, 155Market analysis and development (MA&D), 174, 199Marketing<strong>of</strong> agricultural products, 11, 16, 28, 171, 198–199assistance, 7, 171, 174association benefits, 109capacity and, 72, 76cooperatives and, 100–101, 102, 103credit and finance for, 105ecosystem-based enterprises and, 104entrepreneurship and, 56–57federation and, 108<strong>of</strong> forest products, 28, 132, 136, 137, 139, 157intermediaries and, 131ISOs and, 81, 82, 89, 93<strong>of</strong> natural resources and, 177political aspects <strong>of</strong>, 106research and, 171rural enterprises and, 95, 97, 160scalability and, 60scaling up and, 5, 6, 7, 10–11support and, 181, 199women and, 133, 135Mauritania, fishery access agreements in, 183254
I N D E XMaya Biosphere Carbon Project (Guatemala), 140Mayuni Conservancy (Namibia), 35–36Mazumder, Azharul, 125McGahuey, Mike, 150, 154MDGs. See Millennium Development GoalsMedia and communicationin monitoring government accountability, 177pilot programs’ success stories via, 7, 162, 191, 196press freedom, 221Medicinals market, 59, 85, 98–99, 104, 181Melons, 103–104Mengame Gorilla Reserve (Cameroon), 176MET. See Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Tourism (Namibia)Mexicoremittances and, 184, 185wood exported to, 135Micro-Enterprise Development Programme (MEDEP, Nepal),182Microcredit Summit Campaign, 179Micr<strong>of</strong>inancein Bangladesh, 124government role in, 182, 199maturing <strong>of</strong>, 179–181meeting needs <strong>of</strong> larger businesses, 182NGOs’ role in, 181–182Micr<strong>of</strong>inance Information Exchange (MIX) Market, 180Microinsurance, 182–184MIDP. See Maradi Integrated Development project (Niger)Military expenditure, 221Millennium Challenge Corporation, 37Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 9, 204child mortality, 21Equator Initiative and, 56, 60poverty reduction, 20, 21, 23Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), 8, 12, 190, 192Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Tourism (MET, Namibia), 33, 37,86, 166, 167Ministry <strong>of</strong> Land (Bangladesh), 113, 114, 115, 120, 121Minnick, Greg, 140MIX (Micr<strong>of</strong>inance Information Exchange) Market, 180MMD (Mata Masu Dubara, Women on <strong>the</strong> Move), 74Monopolies created by state over nature-based products, 171“Mo<strong>the</strong>r NGOs.” See Intermediary support organizationsMozambiquecommunity groups in, 73customary land systems in, 53fishing co-arrangement in, 62Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme (India), 105NNACSO. See Namibian Association <strong>of</strong> CBNRM SupportOrganizationsNam Ha Ecoguide Service (Lao PDR), 104NamibiaCommunal Conservancy Program. See Namibia’s CommunalConservancy Programcommunity forests in, 35customary land systems in, 53Namibian Association <strong>of</strong> CBNRM Support Organizations(NACSO), 32, 33–34, 34, 37, 86, 91, 96, 166Namibian Community-Based Tourism Association(NACOBTA), 33, 34Namibia’s Communal Conservancy Program, 5, 30–37background, 30benefits <strong>of</strong>, 35–36capacity development in, 33, 75, 162challenges to, 37, 163demand-driven nature <strong>of</strong>, 31governance <strong>of</strong>, 33, 163growth <strong>of</strong> conservancies (1998-2005), 34income sources, 35local decision-making in, 31, 162local ownership, creation <strong>of</strong>, 31–32Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Tourism role.See Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Tourism (MET, Namibia)networks and, 33–34participation <strong>of</strong> residents in, 31–32partnerships in, 86reports to promote as scaling up example, 162resilience <strong>of</strong> ecosystems and rural communities due to, 36, 200resource rights and program success, 160National Adaptation Programmes for Action (NAPAs), 157National Advocacy Council for Development <strong>of</strong> IndigenousPeople (India), 87National Association <strong>of</strong> Small Farmers (ANAP, Cuba), 105National Cacao Chamber (CANACACAO, Costa Rica), 60National Council <strong>of</strong> Protected Areas (CONAP, Guatemala),127–130, 132–134, 137, 139–140. See also Guatemalaforestry enterprisesNational Dairy Development Board (India), 108National Forest <strong>Institute</strong> (Guatemala), 140Natural resources management. See Community-based naturalresource management (CBNRM)Nature-based enterprises. See EnterprisesNature Conservancy, 131Nature Conservation Act (Namibia), 34Nature Conservation Act (Niger), 55Nature for Life, 131NepalAsian Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources(ANSAB), 81, 85, 90, 99, 107bureaucratic regulation as obstacle to community forestmanagement, 170255
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2008WORLDRESOURCESRoots ofResilienc
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S C A L I N G U P E C O S Y S T E M
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PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION LIVING UND
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Chemonics and IRG 2000:A-V-2). Hist
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