W O R L D R E S O U R C E S 2 0 0 8Peruassociations in, 97Dean’s Beans in, 93ISO in, 90sustainable forest management in, 127, 141PES. See Payment for ecosystems servicesPhilippinesbureaucratic regulation as obstacle to community forestmanagement, 170Equator Prize finalist from, 59ISO in, 81, 91locally managed marine area (LMMA) in, 38, 39, 41tax rates on forest activities in, 171Pilot projects. See Demonstration phasePlywood export market in Indonesia, 169Pole Pole Foundation (Congo), 58Political parties, 176, 200Political rights index, 221Political scaling up, 11in Bangladesh, 124–125Populationdefinition <strong>of</strong> total population, 208growth, 190, 192human well-being and, 204, 206–209Poverty. See Rural poverty imperativePoverty gap, 22–23Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (Bangladesh), 121, 125Pred Nai Community Forest (Thailand), 18PREM. See People’s Rural Education Movement (India)Price-fixing, 169Prizes and awards, role <strong>of</strong>, 55, 162, 195. See also Equator PrizeProducer associations, 103–105PRONACOM (National Competitiveness Program,Guatemala), 140Property rights, benefits <strong>of</strong>, 50. See also OwnershipProPetén (Guatemala), 131Public Institution Resource Management Group, 72QQuantitative scaling up, 10in Bangladesh, 123–124Quibdo Women’s Network <strong>of</strong> Medicinal Plant Producersand Marketers (Colombia), 59Representation issues, 7, 24, 195, 199–200in Bangladesh Resource Management Organizations, 123in Fiji LMMA Network, 44–45in national legislatures, 175–176, 199–200Research assistance, 7, 171, 174Resiliencebuilding <strong>of</strong>, 28–29, 200–201capacity and, 76case studies illustrating, 111–157climate change and, 157, 192–194definition <strong>of</strong>, 27–28ecological, 27–28, 76, 106economic, 28, 76, 106Namibia’s Communal Conservancy Program and, 36networks and, 106scaling up and, 5, 6, 10, 12, 27–29, 200–201social, 28, 76, 106Resistance to change, 168Resource degradation, 55Resource rights, 49–50Resource user groups (RUGs), 6, 73.See also Bangladesh inland fisheriesResourcefulness. See ResilienceRinaudo, Tony, 146–147, 155Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve (Honduras), 141Road construction, 177–179Rotating credit associations, 72–73Rules, natural resource management, 62, 63, 112Rural Code (Niger), 154, 155, 157Rural markets, policies to enhance, 168Rural poverty imperative, 20–23climate change and, 192depth <strong>of</strong> poverty, 22–23ecosystem decline and, 8, 9global average income <strong>of</strong> rural poor, 23growth and increased equity, 23population living on less than $1/day, 20, 21, 22, 208population living on less than $2/day, 20, 21, 22, 208poverty is predominantly rural, 22purchasing power parity used for comparison purposes, 23recent poverty trends, 20–21scaling up and, 6, 8, 10well-being, dimensions and elements <strong>of</strong>, 20Rwanda, c<strong>of</strong>fee cooperatives in, 28RRainforest Alliance, 81, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 162Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries(REDD), 164–165Registration <strong>of</strong> business, 221Registration <strong>of</strong> land, 53, 221. See also OwnershipRemittances, 179–180, 184, 184–185, 216SSahel, 157. See also specific countriesSahel Re-Greening Initiative, 157Sakhokuhle Association (South Africa), 108Sao Tome, fishery access agreements in, 183Savings groups, 72, 73258
I N D E XScaling up, 3–45, 189–201capacity and, 5, 7, 15, 27. See also Capacitychanging development paradigm and, 26–27<strong>of</strong> community-based natural resource management, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12<strong>of</strong> community-driven ecosystem enterprise, 5, 6, 7connection and, 5, 6, 7, 15–16. See also Connectiondefined, 10elements <strong>of</strong>, 6–7, 10enabling environment for, 6, 7, 16, 17, 24Equator Prize finalists and, 60Fiji as example <strong>of</strong> local management <strong>of</strong> coastal fisheries, 38–45functional, 11future trends and, 201governance and. See Governanceinstitutional, 11Namibia as example <strong>of</strong> community conservancies, 30–37need for, 8–13networks and, 5, 7, 15–16, 197.See also Networks and associationsorganizational, 11, 124, 139–140ownership and, 5, 7, 13–15, 191, 195. See also Ownershippilot projects’ or demonstrations’ success as catalyst for, 7,161–162, 191political, 11, 124–125, 140potential for, 12–13quantitative, 10, 123–124reconciling local governments with role <strong>of</strong> resource managementorganizations, 163resilience and, 5, 27–29social capital and, 5, 25–26successfully driving scaling up process, 159–187tenure change and, 160–161<strong>the</strong>sis on, 5–7types <strong>of</strong>, 10–11Sea turtle protection, 60, 82Secondments, 196Securityfinancial, 6. See also Financial support and commitmentfood. See Foodinsurance and, 183, 184as part <strong>of</strong> well-being, 20social security, 88tenure. See OwnershipSeed banks, 56, 59, 197Seed money, 56, 82, 185, 197Self-Employed Women’s Organization (SEWA, India), 88, 89Self-help groups, 72, 73, 87, 195Self-interest, 200community investment and, 70, 79, 115, 127impact <strong>of</strong>, 134legal security and, 154natural resources and, 9necessity <strong>of</strong>, 15REDD and, 164, 165resilience and, 111, 192spontaneous self-scaling and, 148sustainability and, 112, 129Senegalbureaucratic regulation as obstacle to community forestmanagement, 170, 172–173charcoal trade in, 169, 172–173conservation and regeneration projects in, 156–157National Rural Infrastructures Program, 26Sepik Wetlands Management Initiative (Papua New Guinea), 59Service delivery groups, 72Serving in Mission (SIM, Niger), 146, 150, 155, 166Sesfontein Conservancy (Namibia), 33SEWA. See Self-Employed Women’s Organization (India)Sewers, 54Shompole Community Trust (Kenya), 57, 58, 60Shompole Lodge (Kenya), 57Sidman Union (Ethiopia), 101259
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