Wireless Future - Telenor

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124 Box 4 – Bluetooth Bluetooth is named after the Scandinavian Viking king Harald Blåtann, and it was the Scandinavian communication companies Ericsson and Nokia who joined up with IBM, Intel and Toshiba to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and specified this new technology. Several other companies joined afterwards, and today, the SIG consists of more than 2000 members. The current main members are: 3com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba. The Bluetooth technology is still at its early stage, but there are already some Bluetooth devices being produced. The devices range from access points for LANs, PCMCIA cards for laptops and USB devices, to mobile phones and mobile phone accessories like headsets. Some of these devices can be used in existing devices and make them participate in a Bluetooth piconet. On the software side, several implementations of the Bluetooth stack already exist. Short-range radio communication Bluetooth is a short-range radio communication between various devices, like computers, mobile phones and other personal devices. Since radio links are used there is no need for a clear line of sight between the devices. This makes communication through walls, clothes and briefcases possible, and tasks like automated synchronization of PDAs and modem usage can be completed without lining up the devices. Bluetooth radio communication operates on the public Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz and utilizes frequency hopping which makes the links robust and secure. The standard chip is constructed to transmit over ranges up to 10 metres, but by increasing the power the range can be extended to more than 100 metres. Piconets Bluetooth devices form ad hoc networks called piconets, where one device acts as the master, and the rest as slaves. A device can be a slave in multiple nets, but only master in one net at a time. The master controls the communication in the piconet; it decides the clock, frequency-hopping pattern, and keeps track of active and sleeping devices. Multiple piconets can be interconnected and form what is called scatternets as shown in the figure below. ask the user to include them in the list of defined devices or not. 6.5.3 Registering and Deregistering Devices Through a registration the user tells the Virtual Terminal which device or devices, among the defined devices, should be used at a certain moment. This will primarily be important for idle devices since it specifies where the user will receive incoming service requests, i.e. on what device he can be reached by the Virtual Terminal. Registration can be classified as pre-registration and on-the-fly registration. Master Slave A B C Piconets and scatternets • Pre-registration: Prior to usage, the user defines the device or the set of devices that should be used. Pre-registration can be further divided into: - Default registration: A default device or a group of devices is defined as default. - Timetable registration: A timetable is defined to indicate which device or devices to be used at what time and what day. Such a timetable should be included in the User profile. Telektronikk 1.2001
Box 5 – List of abbreviations API Application Programming Interface ASP Application Service Provider CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture DPE Distributed Processing Environment IDL Interface Definition Language ISP Internet Service Provider ISV Independent Software Vendor ISUP ISDN User Part MExE Mobile Executed Environment OSA Open Service Architecture OMG Object Management Group SCS Service Capability Server SDP Session Description Protocol SIM Subscriber Identity Module SIP Session Initiation Protocol SS7 Signalling System number 7 USSD Unstructured Supplementary Services Data XML Extended Markup Language 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project - Location table registration: If somehow the Virtual Terminal is able to detect the location of the user, a location table can be used to find which device or devices to be used at what time and what day. Such a location table registration should be included in the User Profile. • On-the-fly registration: The user decides and informs the Virtual Terminal about which devices he wants to be registered at “On-thefly”. These registrations will typically override any existing pre-registrations previously defined. 6.5.4 Reading the Mailbox The user should have the possibility to access his mailbox. For voice mail, no additional functionality is required other than the one for existing voice mail. For text mail the user must be able to Telektronikk 1.2001 access from a PC with a standard Web browser or a WAP phone. The same requirements apply here as for accessing the user profile described in earlier section. 6.5.5 Reading Usage Statistics The user should be able to read usage statistics from a PC with a standard Web browser or a WAP phone. The same requirements apply here as for accessing the user profile described in an earlier section. 7 Conclusion In this article we present the Virtual Terminal, which is not only a vision but also a realisable concept. However, the use cases and also the implementation alternatives, although considered thoroughly, are only sufficient for carrying out a proof of concept. In order to be fully deployed as a real service for end-users, many obstacles must be surmounted. The technologies that the Virtual Terminal relies on must be mature. The OSA API should be implemented and optimised for heterogeneous networks. The SIP protocol used in the establishment and termination of connections needs to be expanded to support point-to-multipoint connections and also multi-stream connections. IP networking on Bluetooth, which was originally meant to be only a cable replacement, needs to be specified. For automatic configuration the Virtual Terminal also requires discovery protocols where service types or device types are defined universally. Last but not least, there are the challenges of integrating multiple systems together from fixed to mobile systems, from circuit-switched to packet-switched systems and from cellular to IP-based systems. Perhaps it is precisely these challenges that make the Virtual Terminal quite exciting as a research project. References 1 ITU-T. Principles for Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT). 1993. (ITU-T Rec. F.850.) 2 Bluetooth SIG. (2000, November 24) [online] – URL: http://www.bluetooth.com 3 Muller, N J. Bluetooth Demystified. New York, McGraw-Hill Telecom, 2000. ISBN 0-07-136323-8. 4 IEEE Standards <strong>Wireless</strong> Zone – Overview. (2001, March 09) [online] – URL: http:// standards.ieee.org/wireless/overview.html- 802.11 5 Schneider, G, Winters, J P. Applying use cases. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 2000. (Object Technology Series, ISBN 0-201-30981-5.) 125
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Telektronikk Volume 97 No. 1 - 2001
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Per Hjalmar Lehne (42) obtained his
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Stein Svaet (41) is Senior Research
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Pbit/day 6 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 F
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8 Video communication as a utility
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10 The idea of reconfigurable mobil
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12 Switched lobe Dynamically phased
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Figure 10 The All IP vision Figure
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16 The IP world has some problems t
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18 Abbreviations and acronyms less
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Jorge Pereira (40) obtained his Eng
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(Millions) Figure 1 Exponential gro
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24 Defining Generation based upon D
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Multi-mode Terminal by Software Rad
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distribution layer possible return
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30 A Co-Ordinated Approach to 4G As
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Figure 2 Applications will grow fas
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Figure 5 Evolution from multi-mode
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Operator/Provider download librarie
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Radio network subsystem - service c
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Dr. Techn. Jørgen Bach Andersen (6
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Figure 3 Two arrays with M and N el
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Figure 5 Cumulative probability dis
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Figure 8 As in Figure 5, but with F
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48 Conclusion The challenge of prov
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50 models are described simply by a
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52 ping intervals or “quantizatio
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Figure 3 ASE as a function of the a
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56 7 Conclusion and Further Researc
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Dave Wisely (39) graduated in 1982
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Figure 2 Business case study Figure
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Figure 6 BRAIN QoS architecture 62
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64 4 BRAIN homepage. (2001, March 6
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Figure 2 The Bluetooth protocol sta
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Figure 5 A Bluetooth radio module i
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70 • Instant postcard: A Bluetoot
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72 work visions come true, it is ne
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