Wireless Future - Telenor

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Operator/Provider download libraries 36 Service module WEB UMS Physical layer module Modullation Coding Figure 7 High level functionality of SW radio libraries Audio video Interleaving Configuration module GSM UMTS 802.11b Open platform with large bandwidth front-end nal and the operator/provider specific libraries which need to be upgraded. The implementation of fully programmable terminals and base stations requires the definition of methods for SW download. Concerning the base station, the SW download is normally executed when a new software version is released. In the base station the software updating does not have to be performed frequently. More critical is the software download at the mobile terminal side because this task may be performed more frequently due to the user’s mobility, or if the user wants to change the air interface. Moreover, the software download in the mobile terminal must be as fast as possible and easy to perform. Different methods for software download concepts can be conceived: • Smart card loading (e.g. SIM); • OM/EPROM-based reconfiguration (different radio configurations are stored inside the SW radio); • Service terminal (offline reconfiguration by connecting physically to a service terminal); • Air interface download. User terminal The air interface download is the most flexible one but needs a dedicated channel for the download. In the short term, the smart card loading seems to be the more practical one for implementation in software radio for mobiles, whereas for base stations the download can be managed over the network. The different download concepts for updating and reconfiguration of the system can be grouped in user-, vendor-, manufacturer-, and operator programmable. 4.3 Terminal Issues The technological challenges for a SW radio terminal are quite stringent. Current handsets are optimised for low power supply and minimum size. Customers are used to change their mobile phone with a newer model quite often. If this trend holds, the market for SW radio terminals will be rather small. It is however questionable that users are willing to change their terminal every time an advanced application or interface is available. This might open the market for SW radio terminals. Quite some challenges are ahead prior to a product, including IF sampling, A/D and D/A design, and linear power amplifiers. Demonstration applications including multiband handsets, the SORT demonstrator, dual-use radios (Rhode & Schwartz) and car radio (DaimlerChrysler) are available and demonstrate the way further to commercial products [Mitola2000]. Realisations of a SW radio terminal are also available in the form of PC-based systems. Laddomada et al. have developed a prototype SW radio platform on a 700 MHz Pentium III system with an implementation of the front-end transceiver, the I/Q interface and the supporting programming environment [Laddomada2001]. The SDR Forum expects to see increased commercial, civil, and military use of SW radio in 2001, driven by the development and initial deployment of third generation commercial wireless systems and the need for multi-service capabilities in civil and military markets. By 2005, SW radio is expected to have been adopted by many manufacturers as their core platform [SDRForum]. 4.4 Base Station Issues Compared to terminals, the implementation of a SW radio base station appears simpler. Some vendors have already implemented solutions [SDRForum], but the technology is not yet mature enough for a global roll-out. The major challenges for the base stations are A/D, D/A converters and linear, broadband power amplifiers. For mobile terminals where power consumption is quite strict, the use of highly oversampling sigma delta A/D-D/A converters is promising. For base stations, half-flash/weighting converters is an interesting option as fast 14-bit broadband converters are already available. In Europe all mobile operators plan for the rollout of UMTS, based on either an upgrade of the existing GSM 1800 network or a complete new installation. The benefits for the network opera- Telektronikk 1.2001
tor in a SW radio based migrating to UMTS will be: • The cost of the infrastructure is reduced; • The air interface can be changed by reprogramming the DSP (Figure 8). In the future evolution of the network, an integration of HiperLAN/2 (H/2) and UMTS TDD is foreseen. An SW radio base station will increase the hardware lifetime (both for the base station and the user terminal) and protect the investments. The system re-programmability allows for hardware reuse and the inclusion of future access methods such as UMTS TDD and Hiper- LAN/2. The same phenomena are likely to be experienced for mobile terminals. 4.5 Related Technologies Technological developments seem to continue following Moore’s law, with a doubling of processor speed about every two years (see Figure 2). Current developments in Quantum transistors expect terabit densities and processor frequencies as high as 700 GHz [Geppert2000]. On the radio side, Smart Antennas and multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technologies have opened for increased bandwidth in the radio channel. These antenna technologies have to be seen together with advanced coding methods, as e.g. space-time coding or combined coding and modulation algorithms. In the European vision of the “<strong>Wireless</strong> Information Society” these technologies are combined with the development and implementation of new access methods [Lu2000]: UMTS terminal Distribution Antenna Telektronikk 1.2001 Bluetooth access GSM GSM radio over fibre Optical Distribution network GSM H/2 UMTS GSM UMTS UMTS H/2 GSM/ UMTS Centralised SW radio- HFR base station • DAB, DVB-S and DVB-T broadcasting; • Mobile Broadband systems (MBS 40, MBS 60); • Broadband wireless local loop; • The proposal for new radio interfaces. 802.11 access Centralised SW radio-HFR base station GSM GSM/ UMTS GSM/ UMTS Hiperlan access Figure 8 Migration from 2G to 3G networks Figure 9 Integration of UMTS and LAN by SW radio-HFR base stations 37
Page 2 and 3: Telektronikk Volume 97 No. 1 - 2001
Page 4 and 5: Per Hjalmar Lehne (42) obtained his
Page 6 and 7: Stein Svaet (41) is Senior Research
Page 8 and 9: Pbit/day 6 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 F
Page 10 and 11: 8 Video communication as a utility
Page 12 and 13: 10 The idea of reconfigurable mobil
Page 14 and 15: 12 Switched lobe Dynamically phased
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 The All IP vision Figure
Page 18 and 19: 16 The IP world has some problems t
Page 20 and 21: 18 Abbreviations and acronyms less
Page 22 and 23: Jorge Pereira (40) obtained his Eng
Page 24 and 25: (Millions) Figure 1 Exponential gro
Page 26 and 27: 24 Defining Generation based upon D
Page 28 and 29: Multi-mode Terminal by Software Rad
Page 30 and 31: distribution layer possible return
Page 32 and 33: 30 A Co-Ordinated Approach to 4G As
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2 Applications will grow fas
Page 36 and 37: Figure 5 Evolution from multi-mode
Page 40 and 41: Radio network subsystem - service c
Page 42 and 43: Dr. Techn. Jørgen Bach Andersen (6
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3 Two arrays with M and N el
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5 Cumulative probability dis
Page 48 and 49: Figure 8 As in Figure 5, but with F
Page 50 and 51: 48 Conclusion The challenge of prov
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Page 54 and 55: 52 ping intervals or “quantizatio
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3 ASE as a function of the a
Page 58 and 59: 56 7 Conclusion and Further Researc
Page 60 and 61: Dave Wisely (39) graduated in 1982
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Page 64 and 65: Figure 6 BRAIN QoS architecture 62
Page 66 and 67: 64 4 BRAIN homepage. (2001, March 6
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2 The Bluetooth protocol sta
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Page 72 and 73: 70 • Instant postcard: A Bluetoot
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Page 76 and 77: Table 1 Allocated HiperLAN bands (i
Page 78 and 79: Figure 4 Basic MAC frame structure
Page 80 and 81: 78 Preamble BCH FCH ACHs Preamble S
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Figure 2-3 Mobile IPv6 architecture
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88 domain, it attaches to a new lea
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90 Domain GFA/MAP Figure 3-3 Archit
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Geir Gylterud (35) is Research Scie
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94 Framework Resource Resource Int
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Figure 6 SCSs and network functiona
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Figure 9 The new business model. Fr
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100 A strong consortium backs up th
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102 Music Company Figure 3 Service
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Figure 4 OSA architecture service c
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Do van Thanh (43) obtained his MSc
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Figure 2 The first use case diagram
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110 Box 1 - The Open Service Archit
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112 X:User 1:Device 2:Device 3:Devi
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Figure 10 Initiating call from PSTN
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Figure 13 Splitting the incoming st
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Figure 17 A set of communication de
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120 Box 3 continued Session Descrip
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Figure 21 A laptop and peripheral d
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124 Box 4 - Bluetooth Bluetooth is
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126 6 The ICEBERG project. (2001, M
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128 new door towards the upcoming f
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? Figure 1 The Mobile Service Platf
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Figure 2 Needs and Related Services
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134 Telektronikk 1.2001
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136 Telektronikk 1.2001
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Anne Lise Lillebø (52) is Adviser
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140 with other SDOs (Standards Deve
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142 Box 2 - ETNO Declaration We, th
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Arve Meisinset (52) is Senior Resea
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146 In ITU-T we have seen needs to
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148 Each viewpoint constitutes a se
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Figure 2 UML class diagrams for tra
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152 The functionality describing th
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154 9 Potter, B et al. An introduct
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