Wireless Future - Telenor

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Jorge Pereira (40) obtained his Engineering and MSc degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Lisboa in 1983 and 1987, respectively, and his PhD in Electrical Engineering- Systems from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles in 1993. He is now on leave of absence from his position as Assistant Professor at IST, and has since 1996 been with the European Commission, DG Information Society, as Scientific Officer in the area of Mobile and Personal Communications. He is involved in Third Generation / UMTS and Broadband Wireless systems, Spectrum and Regulatory issues, Enabling Technologies, Reconfigurable Radio Systems and Networks, Terrestrial Positioning Technologies and Location-based Mobile Value Added Services, and Fourth Generation systems. Jorge.Pereira@cec.eu.int 20 A Personal Perspective of Fourth Generation JORGE M. PEREIRA* At a time when Second Generation (2G) enjoys a tremendous success, still growing exponentially in Europe, and Third Generation (3G, also known as IMT-2000) is nearing deployment, with some operators willing to pay billions for the 3G licenses, discussing Fourth Generation (4G) might seem premature, even far-fetched ... In this contribution, we propose to discuss the distinct roles envisioned for 4G and evolving 3G systems by emphasising the personal perspective of 4G, thus dispelling fears of 4G constituting a “distraction” at a time when all efforts need to be focused on 3G, with the further risk of reducing the “value” of 3G licences. In spite of timid steps towards accommodating some type of private (in fact, corporate) usage, past and current mobile generations – from First (1G) to Third (3G) – focus exclusively on public use. However, as 3G networks are (to be) deployed on top of existing Second Generation (2G) networks, with IP becoming ever more pervasive, and with the advent of reconfigurable radio [1], the opportunity is there, looking forward towards Fourth Generation (4G), to really start focusing on private, unlicensed use at par with the envisioned use of 4G systems as an extension of current and planned public systems. Fourth Generation will finally put the User in control, as they will be able to decide in every occasion (application), and for every environment (mobility, coverage), the right system, and even the right terminal. It will offer personalised service irrespective of the underlying network, and make the best use of the scarce spectrum by directing each data stream in a communication session to the most appropriate (i.e., efficient) network. Indeed, our perspective of 4G is not one of only higher data rates – that was from the start the perspective for 3G-Phase 2, what some called IMT-2010 – still with a public service focus. What is at stake is a different concept of service, more than yet another technological revolution, and this constitutes a bigger challenge [2]: the focus is now squarely on the User, not on operators/service providers. That said, some aspects of 4G, namely the integration of heterogeneous networks, will provide operators, already in the short term, with essential tools to manage their increasingly complex networks and provide seamless, efficient access to information – i.e. to remain competitive [3]. Adding to this, there is a clear need to start thinking now about Fourth Generation: the lapse between the initial studies, the assignment of spectrum, and the commercial deployment is always large, well over 10 years [4]. In a recent speech, Mr. Tormod Hermansen, President and CEO of Telenor, called for a “Permanent Revolution” as the sole means for a telecommunications operator to survive in an ever-changing, increasingly competitive world. The consideration of a Fourth Generation will bring about a paradigm shift. But “Change is not Necessarily Disruption”. In fact, on the way towards Fourth Generation, solutions, tools and products will be developed of immediate relevance, offering competitive advantage to first movers. “Innovation is the Key” to survival! * The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not engage the European Commission. The author is on leave of absence from Instituto Superior Técnico, and Instituto de Telecommunicações, Lisbon Technical University, Lisboa, Portugal. Telektronikk 1.2001
I Introduction After spending huge amounts of money for Third Generation (3G, also known as International Mobile Telecommunications-2000, IMT- 2000) licenses in Europe, and with a similar perspective for North America, operators (and manufacturers alike) are understandably not eager to consider yet another generation of mobile communication systems. However, there is a clear need to start thinking now about Fourth Generation (4G): the lapse between the initial studies, the assignment of spectrum, and the commercial deployment is large, well over 10 years [4]. Moreover, looking ahead, one ends up addressing issues relevant to current generations, and allowing for easier, more fruitful integration with existing systems. Three concurrent trends define the context for 4G to play a key role of integrator and gap filler [3]: the continued exponential growth of mobile/ wireless communications, both cellular and W-LAN, together with a similar growth of the Internet; the deployment of 3G networks on top of existing 2G networks, requiring substantial efforts of integration; and the growing requirement, from corporations, SME/SoHo and even individuals, for integrated private/public telecommunication solutions. The exponential growth of mobile/wireless communications is briefly analysed in Section II. Section III discusses the evolution from 1G to 2G to 3G, the integration of 3G networks with existing 2G networks, and in that context what 4G is not and what to expect from 4G, particularly the issues of integration of public and private mobile/wireless systems. In Section IV, we briefly review some of the current 4G concepts, and in Section V we propose an all-encompassing approach to 4G, which besides integrating current and planned systems also fills a clearly identified gap in the areas of private, indoor wireless systems, personal area networks (PANs), body-LANs, embedded systems and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. The advantages public operators can extract from the integration process are emphasised. Section VI presents ongoing and planned activities in the area of 4G in Europe, focusing on the research performed in the scope of the European Union’s Information Society Technologies (IST) Programme. 1) www.nua.ie Telektronikk 1.2001 II The Success of Wireless/ Mobile Communications This section summarises the analysis in [2] of the exponential growth of cellular, W-LANs and of the Internet. A Cellular The tremendous success of cellular is undeniable; projections are that world-wide cellular subscribers will exceed one billion by 2003 and two billion by 2005. Such growth will inevitably lead, sooner in some countries than in others, first to saturation of 2G spectrum (different bands in different regions of the world) and eventually to saturation of the IMT-2000 terrestrial spectrum assigned at World Administrations Radiocommunication Conference (WARC) ’92 (1885–1980, 2010–2025 and 2110– 2170 MHz – the so-called IMT-2000 core bands), particularly taking into account the expected growth of mobile multimedia. This has led, at the recent WRC 2000, to the allocation of additional spectrum for IMT-2000: the additional bands identified for the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 are 806–960, 1710– 1885 and 2500–2690 MHz (IMT-2000 extension bands), to be assigned by the national administrations at their discretion and based upon market demand. The USA, having missed the opportunity to use the IMT-2000 core band due to its assignment to PCS, is now actively looking into the IMT-2000 extension bands for 3G, with auctions looming in the near future. B Internet Explosion and IP Pervasiveness The number of Internet users is also growing exponentially. According to NUA Internet Surveys 1) , at the end of June 2000 there were approximately 333 million users world-wide. Some projections point to around 1 billion users by 2005. Seen in the scope of the increasingly pervasive use of IP in the backbone and its migration to the wireless access network, this ensures IP will become the lingua franca of mobile communications, as it enables the mobile data explosion. In fact, by the end of 2004 it is expected that there will be more handhelds connected to the Internet than PCs, with well above half of the mobile subscribers being mobile data users. C W-LANs Simultaneously, the W-LAN market is said to be exploding, with reported yearly growth figures 21
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Page 4 and 5: Per Hjalmar Lehne (42) obtained his
Page 6 and 7: Stein Svaet (41) is Senior Research
Page 8 and 9: Pbit/day 6 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 F
Page 10 and 11: 8 Video communication as a utility
Page 12 and 13: 10 The idea of reconfigurable mobil
Page 14 and 15: 12 Switched lobe Dynamically phased
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 The All IP vision Figure
Page 18 and 19: 16 The IP world has some problems t
Page 20 and 21: 18 Abbreviations and acronyms less
Page 24 and 25: (Millions) Figure 1 Exponential gro
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Page 32 and 33: 30 A Co-Ordinated Approach to 4G As
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